Will Kenya’s new president respect international court?
From: Yona Maro
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At his inauguration on April 9, Kenya's new president, Uhuru Kenyatta, promised to uphold "international obligations". This was most likely a reference to the International Criminal Court. Kenyatta and his deputy, William Ruto, are to stand trial before the ICC for crimes against humanity allegedly committed during the country's election-related violence in 2007 and 2008.
But this pledge came with a caveat. International obligations would be upheld, he said, provided they are founded on "mutual respect and reciprocity". As the product of a global treaty, the ICC depends on the mutual respect of its 122 member countries, including Kenya. The real question is what respect Kenyatta and his new government will show for the court. The previous government's record was deeply ambivalent. The ICC prosecutor stepped in when Kenya's national authorities failed to bring to account those responsible for the 2007-2008 violence, which claimed more than 1,100 lives and forced as many as 650,000 people from their homes.
Government officials and members of parliament swiftly challenged the court. Parliament pressed the government to withdraw Kenya from the ICC treaty, while a faction of the government campaigned for a United Nations Security Council deferral. Kenya petitioned to retake the cases, as was its right, but lost when ICC judges found no evidence of national investigations. As the cases have neared trial, Fatou Bensouda, the ICC prosecutor, has reported that the government has stalled or failed to assist its investigations, contrary to its ICC obligations. She cited this problem as one factor in her recent decision to drop the charges against Kenyatta's former co-accused, Francis Muthaura. The government is now seeking, before the ICC judges, to refute this claim of limited assistance.
Kenyatta and Ruto sent contradictory messages during the campaign. The two, who stood on opposite sides of the political divide in 2007 and are accused of organising attacks against each other's supporters, have now been united by the ICC's charges. On the one hand they pledged their cooperation to the ICC, while on the other they at times painted the election as a referendum on the ICC and the court as a tool of western imperialism. Indeed Kenyatta's caveat at his inauguration also came with a warning. He cautioned that no one country or group of countries should control international institutions or the interpretation of international treaties. As the keynote speaker, Uganda's president, Yoweri Museveni, praised Kenyan voters for resisting "blackmail" by the ICC and accused "arrogant actors" of "using [the ICC] to install leaders of their choice in Africa".
This trades neatly on the canard that the ICC – with all eight of its investigations in Africa – is targeting the continent's leaders. This conveniently ignores that four investigations were referred to the court by the government concerned and two by the UN Security Council. Museveni himself sought the ICC's investigation in Uganda and hosted the court's states parties at a conference in a resort outside Kampala in 2010. Above all, the claim that the ICC is a stalking horse for the west ignores the horrific crimes committed in Kenya and that victims and their families have yet to see any measure of justice from Kenyan courts. Far from backing off, the international community needs to stand in solidarity with these victims and press Kenya's new government on its ICC cooperation obligations.
Kenyatta and Ruto are not fugitives, making some "business as usual" with the new government possible. But the ICC finds itself in a challenging situation in which it must depend at the highest levels on the very people it is putting on trial for the cooperation it needs to proceed. This reality means the international community will need to be vigilant in reacting to any signs that this cooperation is on the wane. Kenyatta's reformulation of his pledge on the ICC at his swearing-in should be cause for concern. He is seeking to have the charges against him dropped following the withdrawal of the case against Muthaura, a petition the ICC judges will decide. Kenyatta and Ruto, along with Ruto's co-accused, are entitled to a vigorous defence. That is their right and it should be scrupulously respected. But the Kenyan government should simultaneously ensure that the court can go forward with its independent, judicial process.
With witness protection a key concern – Bensouda has called the scale of witness interference "unprecedented" – the new government should signal that it will do all it can to help ensure the safety of those who would seek to assist the search for justice. Kenyatta missed the opportunity on day one to declare unequivocal commitment to the court. His administration should not miss opportunities to demonstrate this support in the days ahead.
http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/04/12/will-kenyas-new-president-respect-international-court
Elizabeth Evenson
Published in: Public Service Europe
Economic Report on Africa 2013
From: Yona Maro
Making the Most of Africa’s Commodities: Industrializing for Growth, Jobs and Economic Transformation
African countries have a real opportunity to capitalize on their resource endowments and high international commodity prices, as well as on opportunities from changes in the global economy to promote economic transformation through commodity-based industrialization and to address poverty, inequality and unemployment. If grasped, these opportunities will help Africa promote competitiveness, reduce its dependence on primary commodity exports and associated vulnerability to shocks and emerge as a new global growth pole.
This report argues that the question is not whether Africa can industrialize by ignoring its commodities, but rather how it can use them to add value, new services and tech nological capabilities—although this may not apply to all African countries and should not be the only way African resource-rich countries industrialize. Making the most of Africa’s commodities requires appropriate development planning frameworks and effective industrial policies that are evidence based and take into account what influences linkage breadth and depth, as well as the structural and country-specific linkage drivers.
UNECA, 2013
Link:
http://www.uneca.org/publications/economic-report-africa-2013
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Confronting China: US Boosts Military Presence in Africa
From: Yona Maro
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By Andrei Akulov
President Obama has instructed the Defense Establishment to pivot its forces and reorient its efforts toward Asia. Instead, the U.S. armed forces step by step get drawn into the quagmire of messy conflicts in Africa. Recently, the United States has become embroiled in conflicts in Somalia, Libya, Mali and central Africa. The presence is about 5,000 U.S. troops strong. The forces are scattered across the continent in the places like Djibouti, the Central African Republic and now – Niger.
The official reason is fighting al – Qaeda affiliates and other extremists. In a written statement provided to the Senate Armed Services Committee, Army General David M. Rodriguez, who is expected to become the next commander of the Africa Command (AFRICOM), estimated that the military needs to increase its intelligence-gathering missions in Africa by nearly 15-fold. «I believe additional intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities are necessary to protect American interests and assist our close allies and partners», the General wrote in the statement, which during his confirmation hearing in Congress. «The recent crises in North Africa demonstrate the volatility of the African security environment», Rodriguez is cited by the Washington Post (1).According to the newspaper, «Rodriguez said the Africa Command needs additional drones, other surveillance aircraft and more satellite imagery adding that it currently receives only half of its «stated need» for North Africa and only 7 percent of its total «requirements» for the entire continent».
When AFRICOM was created there were no plans to establish bases or have boots on the ground. In reality a network of small staging bases gradually comes into existence along with a forward base for special operations forces in Kenya. The US Congress has criticized the administration for not being able to rapidly respond to the September 2012 attacks on the U.S. diplomatic post in Benghazi, Libya, when the U.S. ambassador and three other Americans lost their lives. Since then, the Defense Department has intensified the steps to boost military capabilities to react on short notice in case there is a contingency in Africa. «That is a fight we have a dog in», Deputy Defense Secretary Ashton Carter said during a Jan. 24 2013 taping of «This Week in Defense News».
AFRICOM – military tool of US expansion in Africa
The Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI) was begun by the Pentagon in 2005 to strengthen US presence in Africa. Mali, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger were now joined by Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, Nigeria, and Tunisia in a ring of military cooperation with the Pentagon. The Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative was transferred to the command of AFRICOM.
On 1 October 2008, AFRICOM was separated from USEUCOM and began operating on its own as a full-fledged Unified Combatant Command headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. It is responsible for U.S. military operations and military relations with 53 African nations – an area of responsibility (AOR) covering all of Africa except Egypt (the responsibility of Central Command). The command has defense attaché offices in 38 African nations, as well as numerous subordinate commands located in Germany, Italy and the Horn of Africa. The Sixth fleet is responsible for providing naval forces in case of contingency. The Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa is ready for emergency actions. AFRICOM numbers around 2,000 assigned personnel, which includes military, civilian, contractor, and host nation employees. About 1,500 work at the command’s main headquarters. Others are assigned to the command’s units in England and Florida along with security cooperation officers posted at U.S. embassies and diplomatic missions in Africa to coordinate Defense Department programs within the host nation. AFRICOM has limited assigned forces and relies on the Department of Defense for resources necessary to support its missions.
The command defines its mission as follows:
“Africa Command has administrative responsibility for US military support to US government policy in Africa, to include military-to-military relationships with 53 African nations». Speaking to the International Peace Operations Association in Washington, D.C. on Oct. 27, 2008 General Kip Ward, then Commander of AFRICOM defined the command’s mission as, «in concert with other US government agencies and international partners, to conduct sustained security engagements through military-to-military programs, military-sponsored activities, and other military operations as directed to promote a stable and secure African environment in support of US foreign policy.”
Dr. J. Peter Pham, a leading Washington insider and an advisor of the US State and Defense Departments, states that one AFRICOM prime objectives is «protecting access to hydrocarbons and other strategic resources which Africa has in abundance … a task which includes ensuring against the vulnerability of those natural riches and ensuring that no other interested third parties, such as China, India, Japan, or Russia, obtain monopolies or preferential treatment».
Military activities
While joint military exercises between the US and South Korea hit the radar screen of global media this March, there have been two major military operations conducted by the US armed forces with the participation of the UK, France, Canada and several African states. The drills are an element of annual maneuvers targeted against terrorism in Africa.
In February Exercise Obangame Express 2013, an at-sea naval exercise focused on counter-piracy and maritime security operations, was conducted in the Gulf of Guinea. The event brought together African, European and Atlantic partner maritime services to work together, share information and hone skills to better monitor and enforce their territorial waters and exclusive economic zones. The exercise included a wide variety of training for all participating forces including at-sea ship boarding and queries, air operations, communication drills and regional information sharing. Participating countries were Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Netherlands, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, Togo and the United States.
In March AFRICOM conducted Operation Flintlock, an annual exercise that has been conducted since 2005. This time it involved over 1,100 troops from twenty African, European and North American countries honing their skills in Mauritania (the village of Weizen).
Another military exercise led by the command in March was the Saharan Express 2013. The mission was to enhance maritime interaction between the US, European and African states. It involved naval forces from the U.S., France, Britain, Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mauritania and Morocco. The project featured numerous training drills including ship boarding, air operations, medical familiarization, communications and regional information sharing. The training event has been organized annually since 2011. It is one of four African regional maritime exercises taking place within the framework of the «African Partnership Station (APS)», a global maritime initiative developed by the US to boost cooperation with of the armed forces of African states.
Last December the US Stars and Stripes newspaper reported on plans to create an AFRICOM rapid reaction force (2).
Speaking at George Washington University, AFRICOM commander General Carter Ham said his command is now outfitted with a new capability. «With regard to a response force, when the command was initially formed there was a sharing arrangement with what’s called the Commander’s in-Extremis Force with European Command. That was a good relationship that up until the 1st of October of this year was a shared arrangement», Ham said. «And now we have our own». The force will be permanently stationed in Fort Carson, Colorado, home to the 10th Special Forces Group. According to the Stars and Stripes, AFRICOM declined to comment further about the placement of its elite Special Forces team, whose movements are generally shrouded in secrecy. Jim Gavrilis, a security consultant, said, given the U.S. military’s small footprint in Africa, it is likely that the rapid response force will deploy on rotational missions.
On March 6 Gen. Carter Ham told a Senate Committee «A new Africa-focused Marine crisis response unit could soon be in place as part of a broader effort to beef up Africa Command’s ability to confront emerging terrorism threats on the continent». AFRICOM is also looking to place other special operation forces in three strategic locations in southern Europe and West Africa to bolster the command’s response capabilities, according to Ham. The General pointed out that AFRICOM’s response capacity is gradually improving. In October, AFRICOM received its own Commander’s in-Extremis Force, which is comprised of Green Berets from the Army’s 10th Special Forces Group that maintains a forward presence in Europe along with the unit, headquartered in Fort Carson, Colorado (3).
In January The United States dispatched about 100 military trainers to six nations that will contribute troops to a pan-African force being prepared for deployment to Mali. The training mission in Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Togo and Ghana is the largest U.S. involvement to date in preparations for the African force, which is being assembled by the 15-nation Economic Community of West African States, or ECOWAS. The United States also has promised to help fly equipment and troops for the force into Mali. That effort may involve U.S. aircraft but could also be done with Nigerian, South African or outside commercial aircraft paid for by the United States.
On Jan 28, 2013 the US signed a Status-of-Forces (SOFA) Agreement with Niger. The U.S. already has twenty-four such agreements with other African states. The U.S. Army, for instance, is launching a pilot program to deploy small Army elements to about 30 places in Africa to conduct partner-building missions and support American embassy outreach activities(4). On January 28, 2013 the government of Niger made public its consent to allow the deployment of US drone base on its territory. The facility is located in Agadez province bordering Mali, Algiers and Libya. President Obama announced the base was operational on February 21. The force is added to the US drones unit deployed in Djibouti. Mr. Obama said the 100 strong contingent armed for self-protection would support the French-led operation in neighboring Mali. Interestingly, this move comes just one month after the U.S. agreed to fly French troops and supplies into the country. According to the New York Times, «The new drone base will join a constellation of small airstrips in recent years on the continent, including one in Ethiopia, for surveillance missions flown by drones or turboprop planes designed to look like civilian aircraft». (5) The Pentagon has also expanded operations and construction at the only permanent U.S. base on the continent, Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti, which serves as a hub for counterterrorism missions in Somalia and Yemen.
China in Africa
It’s an open secret AFRICOM was created to counter the growing presence of China in Africa. The Chinese African performance is a story of success. China’s dynamic economy has great need for oil and other natural resources to sustain it. The country currently imports approximately 2.6 million barrels of crude per day, or about half of its total consumption. Approximately a third of its imports come from African states.
China secures long-term economic agreements for raw materials from Africa in exchange for Chinese aid and production sharing agreements and royalties. In comparison with IMF-dictated austerity measures, China offers large credits, soft loans to build roads and schools, something greatly appreciated by African countries.
In terms of development lending, as opposed to conditional lending by the World Bank, Chinese aid is rendered with no strings attached and usually spent on infrastructure projects that raise grass roots living standards. The most frequently cited example is Sinopec, a China’s state oil company. It has acquired oil concessions in Angola and is rebuilding the country’s transport infrastructure, hospitals and state buildings. China is viewed by African countries as a more attractive economic partner, compared to what the West has to offer.
Just a few months before the US decision to establish AFRICOM, China hosted an historic Beijing summit, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), which brought nearly fifty African heads of state and ministers to Beijing in October 2006. In 2008 then Chinese President Hu Jintao announced a three-year, $3 billion program in preferential loans and expanded aid for the African continent. The funds came on top of the $3 billion in loans and $2 billion in export credits announced by the Chinese government earlier. In the ensuing four years China’s trade with Africa reached $166 billion in 2011, according to Chinese statistics. African exports to China rose to $93 billion from $5.6 billion over the past decade. In July 2012 China offered African countries $20 billion in loans over the next three years, double the amount pledged in the previous three-year period…
The trend is clear – Africa is becoming a theater for strategic competition between the United States and China, as both countries seek to expand their clout and secure access to resources.
Stiff competition for strategic resources like oil, gas, uranium, gold or iron is the specific feature of the situation in Africa. It’s not only about fighting extremists. The mission of AFRICOM is to push China and other rivals, like Russia, for instance, out of the continent or at least to cripple their access to the resources. The war on terror is a good disguise.
Talking about the Mali and other flashpoints. These are the follow-ups of the recent mistakes. In a television interview last month, Mr. Lavrov said, «France is fighting against those in Mali whom it had once armed in Libya against Qaddafi».
Russia has pointed repeatedly that the ongoing unrest in North Africa testifies to the fact that the Western-supported Arab Spring has created turmoil and instability, the breeding grounds for terrorists. The US and NATO went beyond the UN resolution 1973 in Libya against Russia’s and China’s warnings not to do so. The NATO’s intervention spurred a domino-like effect across Africa’s Sahel region. Now we all face the implications. While supporting the efforts to combat terrorism in Africa, Russia has simultaneously criticized Western nations, including the USA and France, for arming the opposition in Libya. Now military skills and weapons spread across the region. The US presence in Niger may provoke further entanglement in case the facility is attacked, for instance. Like the very presence of Iraqi troops provoked attacks against the servicemen.
Military force, even when used for peacekeeping missions solely, is not the only thing the region needs. On March 1 Russia also announced the beginning of its involvement in the conflict by delivering 36 tons of aid to the country, including canned food, 45 tents, 2,000 blankets, cereals, and rice. Russia’s action comes just one day after Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov met with the U.N. Special Envoy for the Sahel, Romano Prodi about the ongoing conflict in Mali. It is expected the situation in Africa will be addressed during the BRICS summit in Durban, South Africa 26 – 27 March 2013. There is a hope the members will discuss the situation in wide perspective, perhaps coming up with proposals to positively tackle the issue of Africa’s instability.
Notes
(1) http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-02-14/world/37100512_1_africa-command-djibouti-west-africa
(2) http://www.stripes.com/news/africom-announces-it-will-have-rapid-reaction-force-1.201162
(3) http://www.stripes.com/news/more-crisis-response-headed-to-africom-amid-terrorism-concerns-1.210891
(4) http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130130/DEFREG04/301300017/Pentagon-Increases-Focus-AFRICOM
(5)http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/23/world/africa/in-niger-us-troops-set-up-drone-base.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
Technology of military conflict, military spending, and war
From: Yona Maro
This paper studies how the technology of military conflict affects the allocation of resources in military spending (\guns") and productive investment (\butter"). We first identify the fundamental property of conflict technology which the two commonly used contest success functions, the difference and ratio forms, share. Using this property, named the constant elasticity of augmentation, we construct a new class of contest success functions, hence generalizing the two forms.
We provide axiomatic and probabilistic characterizations of the new contest success function. Then, adopting the new contest success function, we study how the elasticity of augmentation affects the trade-off between guns and butter, and countries' international policy to settle or wage a war. Finally, we estimate the elasticity of augmentation using actual battle data including seventeenth-century European battles and World War II battles and explore the implications of the estimated parameters of military technology on military spending and the preference of settlement.
Link:ftp://163.239.165.41/RePEc/sgo/wpaper/HSH_RIME_2011-17.pdf
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2013 Human Development Report – “The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World”
From: Yona Maro
The 2013 Human Development Report – "The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World" – examines the profound shift in global dynamics driven by the fast-rising new powers of the developing world and its long-term implications for human development.
The Report identifies more than 40 countries in the developing world that have done better than had been expected in human development terms in recent decades, with their progress accelerating markedly over the past ten years. The Report analyzes the causes and consequences of these countries' achievements and the challenges that they face today and in the coming decades.
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Coders4Africa Year in Review 2012
From: Yona Maro
Some of the remarkable achievements in 2012 where the creation of http://coders4africaradio.com/ which allowed the African developer community to engage in knowledge transfer and reach a wider audience in regards to the apps/projects they were working on. This tool also allowed C4A to communicate its goals, visions and strategy to its Pan-African ecosystem at wide. We launched our signature Practical Project Based Training (PPBT) in Senegal where we provided 20 developers with free training in the standards and best practices of Software engineering and soft business skills.
In addition, the C4A online community saw an increased number of registered members and groups; hosted and attended several events in the Africa, US, Canada and Europe which led to increased visibility and public relations; and ultimately sealed new partnerships and collaborations.
Link:
http://www.coders4africa.org/images/pdf/coders4africa2012yearinreview.pdf
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2013 Top 10 Technology Trends for Business
From: Yona Maro
Emerging and disruptive technologies are reshaping strategies, business models and enterprise investments. Each of these technologies has the potential to be a key driver in an organization's business agenda. This document may help to find some new insights and ideas, and look forward to exploring them in person.
Link:
http://www.pwc.com/en_US/us/advisory/2013-digital-iq-survey/assets/digital-iq-top-trends.pdf
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Kenya: Uhuru Kenyatta Acceptance speech
From: Yona F Maro
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I thank all those who have remained vigilant in prayer for our nation
during this time. I want to thank the people of the republic of Kenya
who have shown patience over the last few days as we all awaited the
outcome of this election. I thank the thousands of officials who
worked with the IEBC to make this, the most free and most fair general
election in our nation’s history. Despite the challenges that you
faced, you managed to keep the trust of Kenyans and to do your job
professionally.
While we look forward to a day when electoral results are relayed in
real-time to curb anxiety, we acknowledge that every process can be
refined and I pledge to give you my support as you seek more efficient
ways to conduct future elections. I would also like to acknowledge and
thank the police and all security agencies for their diligence and
commitment to ensuring security.
I would especially like to acknowledge the Kenyans who lost their
lives on the eve of the elections. They made the ultimate sacrifice,
laying down their lives, in the name of democracy. To the families of
those who lost their loved ones, I offer my sincere condolences and I
assure you that I, and the people of Kenya are standing with you in
prayer.
The incidents that took the lives of our officers are a reminder that
security remains one of the biggest challenges to our nation. It is
unacceptable to see the lives of Kenyans lost so senselessly. As we
move forward, I pledge to keep the issue of national security high on
our agenda.
To the Kenyan media – you have shown remarkable responsibility as this
country’s fourth estate. You have shown sensitivity in the
dissemination of news and impartiality in your treatment of the
results. You have no doubt helped to keep the country calm.
We are grateful for this, and we will continue to consider you our
true partners as we embark on our journey. To the presidential
candidates – I salute you all. Thank you for all that you have
contributed to ensuring a robust democratic process. I in particular
want to single out my brother, Raila Odinga, for his spirited
campaign. I know that all the candidates have made tremendous personal
sacrifices for the progress of our country and I welcome them to join
us in moving our nation forward. My fellow Kenyans today, we celebrate
the triumph of democracy; the triumph of peace; the triumph of
nationhood.
Despite the misgivings of many in the world, we demonstrated a level
of political maturity that surpassed expectations.
We dutifully turned out; we voted in peace; we upheld order and
respect for the rule of law and maintained the fabric of our society.
That is the real victory today. It is a victory for our nation. A
victory that shows that finally, Kenya has come of age. This indeed is
Kenya’s moment.
Today, I am honored and humbled that in a free and fair election, you
the people of Kenya, have placed your trust in me to lead our nation
as your next President. I am here because of you. I am here because of
the unyielding support of millions of Kenyans, from all walks of life,
from every corner of our nation, who sacrificed their time, energy and
resources to make this campaign a success.
Throughout this process you, the people, have remained unwavering in
your belief not only in me but in the possibility of a stronger, more
prosperous Kenya that has room for all our hopes and aspirations. I am
here because of the Jubilee secretariat who have worked tirelessly
throughout this campaign period. Last and not least, I am here because
of my family: My wife, Margaret; our children and all the members of
my family, this has taken a heavy toll on them and I thank them for
their patience and support. However, this is has never been about me,
this has been about you, about the people of Kenya. You have put your
faith not in one man but in a team.
In our Deputy President –Elect Hon William Ruto; a man with a proven
track record, who has demonstrated to all of us, his ability to both
speak and act with unmatched zeal and energy. You put your trust in my
sister, Charity Ngilu and my brother, Najib Balala both of whom have
remained committed to serving the people and putting our nation first.
You put your trust in TNA, URP and the wider Jubilee family.
And because you gave us this trust, I am proud to say that the
majority of women who were elected to parliament come from the Jubilee
Coalition – a fact that demonstrates the commitment that our Coalition
has to supporting women and to supporting the full implementation of
the constitutional provisions designed to ensure gender parity.
We are a team
I want to say to all the Jubilee aspirants — those who won, and
especially, those who did not – that you have done your parties, and
this coalition proud. Your dedication, to the ideals that the Jubilee
Coalition represents has been an inspiration to me. We came together
as a team, and we will continue to work together as a team for the
good of all the people of Kenya. However, today is about much more
than one Coalition or Party.
It is about all Kenyans: those of you who voted Jubilee and those who
did not. My pledge to you is that as your President, I will work on
behalf of all citizens regardless of political affiliation. I will
honour the will of Kenyans and ensure that my Government protects
their rights and acts without fear or favour in the interests of our
nation. To all those who won various seats – regardless of what party
or coalition you may belong to, let us remember that we are all
Kenyans, and that Kenyans have bestowed upon us the responsibility to
work for them. I extend a hand of friendship and cooperation to you so
that together, we can truly serve the Kenyan people.
In the nearly five decades since independence, we have made great
strides as a nation. Kenya has experienced huge success but there have
also been enduring problems. In the last 10 years under the Presidency
of Mwai Kibaki, we have begun to overcome many of the challenges we
have faced as a nation. We are indebted to his leadership and grateful
for the services he has rendered to our country. As I assume office,
my task, and the task before us all is to secure the gains we have
made while focusing on solving the challenges that remain.
My fellow Kenyans, the elections are now over.
While we celebrate today, let us bear in mind that this, in itself, is
not an end; it is a beginning and there is work to be done. That work
begins with all of us taking personal responsibility for the future of
our country, the inheritance of our children.
It begins with all of us returning to our jobs, to our businesses; to
our farms – and continuing in the daily decisions that will determine
the course of Kenya’s future. I promise to do my part, but I need
every Kenyan to play their part as well. I pledge that my Government
will play its role both here in Kenya, and as part of the
international community. To our brothers and sisters in the region and
in Africa as a whole we appreciate your support and encouragement
before, during and after the elections. This is the true spirit of
Africa. We look forward to playing our rightful role in the region and
in the continent. The African star is shining brightly and the destiny
of Africa is in our hands.
To the nations of the world I give you my assurances that I and my
team understand that Kenya is part of the community of nations and
while we are, first and foremost, servants of the Kenyan people, we
recognise and accept our international obligations and we will
continue to co-operate with all nations and international institutions
– in line with those obligations.
However, we also expect that the international community will respect
our sovereignty and the democratic will of the people of Kenya. Indeed
it is the desire of the people of Kenya to be a nation that is at
peace with itself, at peace with her neighbours, at peace with our
continent and at peace with the world at large.
We will pursue this ideal – upholding the values enshrined in our
constitution and continuing in the spirit embodied in the words of our
national anthem: “Oh God of all creation?
Bless this land and nation, Justice be our shield and defender? May we
dwell in unity, peace and liberty Plenty be found within our
borders.”
Thank you,
God bless you
And God bless the Republic of Kenya.
Point of no return: The massive climate threats we must avoid
From: Yona Maro
The world is quickly reaching a Point of No Return for preventing the worst impacts of climate change. Continuing on the current course will make it difficult, if not impossible, to prevent the widespread and catastrophic impacts of climate change. The costs will be substantial: billions spent to deal with the destruction of extreme weather events, untold human suffering, and the deaths of tens of millions from the impacts by as soon as 2030.
Emissions are already out of control. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) global CO2 emissions increased by 5% in 2010 for the largest recorded absolute increase, and went on to grow by over 3% in 2011, exceeding worst-case projections that would lead to 5°C to 6°C of long-term warming.
The 14 dirty energy projects in this report range from massive expansion of coal mining in China, to large-scale expansion of coal exports from Australia, the US and Indonesia, to the development of risky unconventional sources of oil in the tar sands of Canada, in the Arctic, in the ocean off the coast of Brazil, in Iraq, in the Gulf of Mexico and in Kazakhstan, and to gas production in Africa and the Caspian Sea. They are the biggest dirty energy projects planned in the coming decades.
Link:
http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2013/PointOfNoReturn.pdf
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Non-governmental Perspectives on a New Generation of National Cybersecurity Strategies
From: Yona Maro
This document brings together views from business, civil society and the Internet technical on the emergence of a new generation of national cybersecurity strategies. These stakeholder views were solicited in January 2012 by the OECD Secretariat through a questionnaire to the Business and Industry Advisory Committee (BIAC), the Civil Society Internet Society Advisory Council (CSISAC) and the Internet Technical Advisory Committee (ITAC) to the OECD.
Link:
http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/5k8zq92sx138.pdf?expires=1362548164&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3B19D52A6B0715183C1EFF9E491B17CF
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Empowering and Protecting Consumers in the Internet Economy
From: Yona Maro
The aim of the paper is twofold: i) to present developments and progress made in enhancing trust and consumer engagement in e-commerce since the Seoul Declaration; and ii) to point policy makers to possible further work to address some key ongoing and emerging consumer challenges. The spread of mobile devices, easy-to-use payment mechanisms, as well as participative web tools such as price and product comparisons and consumer ratings and reviews has further provided consumers with a more convenient e-commerce experience. Trust in e-commerce, however, remains challenged by a number of problems requiring further attention. These include complex information disclosures, legislative gaps, fraudulent and misleading practices and privacy threats as well as inadequate redress mechanisms.
Link:
http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/5k4c6tbcvvq2.pdf?expires=1362544914&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=03E0377AE700B7ECBAA3665F7BBDBFB8
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World Ultra Wealth Report 2012 – 2013
From: Yona Maro
Global recovery continues to display signs of weakness. Heightened Eurozone financial market and sovereign distress, stuttering recovery in the U.S. and softer than expected growth in major emerging market economies are the main drivers behind the IMF’s recent adjustment of its forecast for global growth downwards to 3.5% for 2012 and 3.9% for 2013. The two main assumptions that the forecast is founded upon are policy action in the Eurozone that allows financial conditions to ease gradually and recent monetary policy changes in emerging market economies gaining traction.
The continual recurrence of financial market distress leading to sovereign distress and bailout packages that provide temporary relief in the Eurozone heightens the potential for uncontrolled default and Euro exits. Both these scenarios will have a severe impact on global economic growth prospects and wealth growth.
This report is an analysis of global developments and trends in wealth and ultra wealthy populations for 2012 to 2013 based on Wealth-X’s proprietary research.
Link:
http://wealthx.com/wealthreport/Wealth-X-world-ultra-wealth-report.pdf
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Making a Difference Through Geothermal Energy
From: Yona Maro
In this International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, it is important to recognize that energy is a prime driver of economic development, and access to energy has direct positive impacts on the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Inadequate access reduces societies’ opportunities for meeting the basic needs provided by energy services and opportunities for gainful employment.
Link: http://unu.edu/publications/articles/making-a-difference-through-geothermal-energy-2.html
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Run Up To Kenya’s 2013 General Elections
From: Yona Maro
This document contains a preview of the previous elections in Kenya which caused violence and fragmentation. Questions are raised if Kenya's next elections to be held on March 4th 2013 are going to be of much difference.
Link:
http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00060199:e9d1898af45c23f3e567f2bbe478a5bf.pdf
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Web Index 2012
From: Yona Maro
Although the Web has been an important catalyst of social, political and economic change over the past two decades, its impact - both negative and positive - has been unevenly felt both within and across countries. Moreover, there is relatively little public debate on the reasons why some countries have moved faster and more effectively than others to harness the Web as an accelerator of development.
To begin to address this gap, the Index combines existing secondary data with new primary data to rank countries according to their progress and use of the Web. The Index is both an analytical tool for researchers and a resource for policy makers in various sectors, including the public sector, private sector, and NGOs.
The Web Index is a composite measure that summarizes in a single (average) number the impact and value derived from the Web in various countries. There are serious challenges when attempting to measure and quantify some of the dimensions the Index covers (e.g. the social and political), and suitable proxies are used instead. Also, as the Web Index covers a large number of countries, some of which have serious data deficiencies or were not covered by the data providers.
Link:
http://thewebindex.org/2012/10/2012-Web-Index-Key-Findings.pdf
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Declaration of African Government in Exile on the Republic of the United States of Africa
From: Yona Maro
Please see attached
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Theo-Declaration of African government in exile.doc
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Theo-Unanimous Declaration.doc
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A Declaration of the African Government in Exile
The Presidency of the Republic of the United States of Africa in exile
Department of the Presidential Press
For Emergency Worldwide Release
Los Angeles, USA
February 14, 2013
Presidential Proclamation – the universal declaration of the republic of the United States of Africa (as federal union of 56 sovereign African states)
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED STATES OF AFRICA
A PROCLAMATION
Section 1: The Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Africa and the Congressional decree of the African Continental Congress authorize the President of the Republic of the United States of Africa to proclaim the Republic of the United States of Africa and to inform all African citizens, Diaspora and all the world.
Section2: In proclamation of the November 21, 2009 of the Declaration of the United States of Africa (unification of Africa) the constitution establish the New Republic of Africa as federal union of 56 sovereign African states.
Section 3: As first legal and legitimate President of the Republic of the United States of Africa, I have decided on behalf of suffering and oppressed people of Africa that the New Republic constitutionally defined as federal union of 56 sovereign African states and thousands of local autonomous governments, meet the eligibility requirement of the Democratic, constitutional, international and national law, and also the legal rights of Native Africans. In order to re-establish the natural and legal rights of Native Africans and the people of the Republic of the United States of Africa,
I have decided to proclaim the Republic of the United States of Africa. For this purpose. The articles 1, 2, and 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Africa as legitimate and sovereign federal republic, state and government must be enforced worldwide immediately.
Section 4: The Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Africa as amended declare the Native Africans as legal and legitimate owners of African continental land.
Declare foreign interests in Africa as commercial and industrial properties not the rights to own the African land or the country.
Declare all treaties signed on African countries illegal, undemocratic and unconstitutional and authorize the African Congress. National legislature of Africa constitutional power to write treaties and bilateral accords. The Constitution as amended declare the legal and democratic rights of Native Africans to freely determine their own future by establishing a federal republic and state of Africa, a federal union of 56 sovereign African states.
Section 5: The reconstruction of Africa is a global opportunity. The reconstruction of Africa will increase global industrial and economic production, bring together in Africa thousands of Africans and foreign architects, bankers, engineers, investors, contractors and will create more than 500 million jobs in Africa and also on other continents.
Section 6: The Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Africa as amended, authorize the President of the Republic of the United States of Africa today on February 14, 2013 to proclaim the new Republic of the United States as legal, sovereign and legitimate federal republic and state of Africa (a federal union of 56 sovereign African states).
Now therefore, I Theophile Leyamalakoyoh Yockot, legal and legitimate President of the Republic of the United States of Africa, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the Law of the Republic of the United States of Africa.
Do hereby proclaim and establish the universal sovereignty of the Republic of the United States of Africa, native Africans and African people on February 14, 2013. The new Republic of the United States of Africa is declared as sovereign, legal, democratic and legitimate state and republic, a federal union of 56 sovereign African states by the power of the natives and African people.
I call upon world leaders, excellencies, majesties and international communities and African states governments and leaders to respect and observe from this February 14, 2013 the natural and democratic rights of Native Africans and the New Republic of the United States of Africa and its people.
In witness whereof, I Theophile Leyamalakoyoh Yockot have here unto set my hand this fourteenth day of February, in the year of our God two thousand thirteen and of the independence of the Republic of the United States of Africa the 2009.
H.E. Theophile Leyamalakoyoh Yockot
First President of the Republic of the United States of Africa and
Chief of African Federal Government-in-exile
Info: PresidentYockot@yahoo.com
TheophileYockot@yahoo.com
Twitter: @PresidentYockot
YouTube: TheoYockot
www.unitedstatesofafricagovernment.org
IN CONGRESS, NOVEMBER 21, 2009
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION
OF THE INDEPENDENCE/THE REPUBLIC OF THE 55 SOVEREIGN STATES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AFRICA
Theophile Leyamalakoyoh Yockot
President of Congress
(Deputy/Representative from Gabon)
Jean C. Nana Tchokonte
Secretary General of Congress
(Deputy/Representative from Cameroon)
IN CONGRESS NOVEMBER 21, 2009
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE/REPUBLIC OF THE 55 SOVEREIGN STATES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AFRICA
WE THE NATIVE AFRICANS AND THE PEOPLE of the United States of Africa have natural rights and international sovereignty to freely determine our own future and the future of our posterity. Also we have the rights to reunify Africa and to ordain and establish the sovereign independent and indivisible Republic and State of the United States of Africa.
When God created humanity, all human beings are created free, equal and independent in a wonderful earth in which all people will live a happy life. The gift of freedom and the right to life given by God established universal respect for all human kind. This includes the civilization, family, historical origin, race, color, sex and the age. In fact, the refusal for any world government to recognize these natural and modern human rights we force today to establish an absolute separation with the oppressors, pillagers, invaders, violators, tyrants, dictators and those who support them in their inhuman, cruel, greedy, criminality, evils and uncivilized governments and leaders and also to establish the Republic of the United States of Africa.
We, the native Africans and the people of the United States of Africa, own our life and hold these truths to be absolute evidence and a declarative to God and to the whole world that ALL human beings are created free, equal, and independent. However, with different opinions and talents, among these rights are life, freedom, liberty, justice, equality, peace, and the pursuit of happiness. To protect and promote these rights, democratic governments and societies are established with the consent of the people through their representatives. But when any form of government becomes oppressive, dictatorial, and/or destructive, it is the right and power of the people to democratically abolish it and establish a new government based on democratic principles, policies, respect for humankind and human dignity and prosperity for all Africans.
A Government for the People.
BUT, when a perpetual machine of abuses and violations affect our life, development, safety, happiness, peace, and the future of human beings as a free people by God, we have the power and right to change the form of government, international cooperation and relations, and provide a new security for African people, our families and our future. Such has been the long patient suffering of the natives and people of African countries, and such is now the necessary to end all forms of dictatorship, oppression, destruction, inhuman, evils and cruelty in African governments and in illegal international cooperation.
The history of dictatorships, monarchical, greedy and cruel Western European governments, and leaders of France, United Kingdom of Great Britain, China, Italy, The Netherlands (Dutch), Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Russia, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Austria, Hungary, Sweden, Norway, United States of America, United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund as well as the history of dictatorships, monarchical greedy and cruel governments and leaders of African countries have led to the total establishment of cruel and tyrannical powers. These absolute atrocities have led to repeated human suffering and abuses upon natives and free people of Africa.
In Order to Support Our Declaration of Independence, Here Is A Presentation of Evidence of Absolute Atrocities and Abuses by World Powers and African Governments
1. The inhuman and illegal colonial treaties and accords signed especially since 1400 not beneficial to African people or governments. Those treaties do not allow fair trade economic and social development or cultural and political advantage for Africans. Those illegal treaties establish an absolute and total power of western European governments and leaders on African governments, presidents and people. They establish and promote tyranny, wars, corruption, ethnic conflicts and violence, injustice, inequality, dictatorship, poverty and human suffering in Africa.
2. The illegal and undemocratic African constitution and declaration of independence written by 1957 by greedy and cruel Western European governments and leaders and United Nations establish the concentration and centralization of powers in the hand of one person who later will become a dictator and despot. The concentration and centralization of powers establish poverty and ethnic conflicts, division and violence, injustice, inequality, dictatorship, authoritarian, oppression and undemocratic governments and leaders and human suffering for all Africans.
3. The lack of sovereignty in African countries. There is no freedom and human rights afforded to the people. No written constitution or declaration of independence for the national agenda. Africa has been too dependent on inhuman and uncivilized Western European governments and leaders.
4. The lack of a balance of powers between the president and elected officials.
5. There is no open market or a central bank for the government to function economically, which has attributed to the devaluation of African currency and value.
6. Illegal military and economic debts owed to foreign countries and institutions.
7. High international taxes and tariffs.
8. Inflated costs for imported goods forced by international banks.
9. Lack of private ownership of property in Africa by Africans.
10. Isolationism of all Africa and its people.
11. African resources are not owned or operated by Africans but by Western European governments, China, Russia and other countries for their self-enrichment.
12. International supplies of illegal weapons to rebels and warlords by Western European and United States government as well as multi-national corporations.
13. Illegal assassination and imprisonment of leaders trying to create stability in African countries.
14. Dictatorships supported by Western European, United States and the United Nations.
15. Ignorance and greed of educated Africans and military in cooperating with the raping of the African society and economy.
16. The lack of scholars and the intelligence for offering a real plan to stabilize African governments.
17. Lack of national, provincial, local budgets, institutions, and governments.
18. Lack of laws and policies protecting African people.
19. Lack of a viable infrastructure to support any national African economic and development system.
20. The lack of democratic and economic institutions and reforms to carry out social, cultural and economic programs.
21. The lack of separation and balance of power, check and balance, decentralization and transparency between national, provincial and local governments. Also between the President, governors, mayors and prefects.
22. The lack of presidential, executive, legislative and judicial powers.
23. The lack of world democratic organization at United Nations to promote global democracy and prosperity.
24. The global dependency of African nations on Western European, United States and the U.N., IMD, World Bank, etc.
25. The total concentration of power in the hands of dictators (African Presidents).
26. The United Nations does not recognize African countries and its people as being independent and free people but as private properties of Western European governments and leaders
27. The lack of civilized leadership in African countries.
28. The lack of common African currency and economic markets to promote development.
29. The lack of constitutional and democratic powers and duties assigned to elected officials (legislators).
30. Today in Africa, more than 50 million people and children have died because of wars, poverty, ethnic violence, conflicts, and preventable diseases. More than 800 million people and children leave with $1 Afro/dollar a day and do not have any future.
31. There is extreme human suffering and poverty in Africa and all over the world in black communities that need change because all human beings are equal and have the right to live better lives.
32. Political, social, and economic systems established in Africa by greedy Western European governments and leaders, through dictatorships and illegal declarations of independence and illegal constitutions have divided and destroyed millions of African families. Separated parents to their children created a parking of millions of orphans, unemployed and suffering people and children. These same dictatorships, oppressed and destructive governments and leaders have established an extreme despaired society in which the real solution is the immediate establishment of one African federal, democratic and republican state and government, the United States of Africa with the main purpose to end poverty, human suffering, wars, ethnic violence and disease throughout the establishment of republican, democratic, federal, state and local democratic governments, societies, institutions, organizations and reform.
33. More than $700 billions of African money have been stolen by its leaders, their families, their entourage, Western European governments and multinational corporations and are deposited in European, Chinese, and American banks.
34. During 600 years of Western European colonization and post-colonization, oppression, slavery, apartheid, illegal cooperation, tyranny and pillage of the African continent, more than $930.8 trillion has been collected through illegal exploitation of human and natural resources, fraud, customs, taxes, misuse of funds and has been transferred to world banks, industrialized nations of Europe, International Monetary Fund, USA, and China today.
35. All Western Europeans, United Nations, and Chinese government and leaders to maintain African presidents in power and human suffering in Africa have established military bases and an army of mercenaries in African countries to wage wars against poor and innocent natives and people of Africa. They pretend that African countries are former European colonies. People of African countries are natives of Africa not former European colonies.
36. Millions of Africans are separated from their families, children, and continent by international inhuman and cruel immigration law.
37. Every day, thousands of African immigrants, desperate and suffering, abandon their families and children and risk their lives, are jailed or die, trying to reach the United States or Western Europe where they believe they can find a better life or freedom.
38. During six hundred years of Western European colonization and post-colonization in Africa, African people and countries have been paying taxes to Western European governments, without representation in their Parliaments.
39. Today, Western European governments have established a new policy in which African Presidents are replaced by their sons and daughters.
In every street and district of African countries there is human suffering, oppression, dictatorship, poverty, unemployment, bloody wars, ethnic conflicts, humiliation, servitude and undemocratic societies. African people and leaders for change have launched democratic campaigns and called for change and reminded the United Nations and inhuman and cruel Western European, African and Chinese governments and leaders about our suffering. They have refused to recognize and reestablish our full rights as Native Africans, human beings and free people.
By declaring our total separation today, we want to hold them and the rest of the world accountable for human rights abuses, long suffering, tyranny, dictatorship and crime against humanity.
We, therefore, as native Africans, the people and representatives of the United States of Africa assembled in the Continental Congress, in the City of Los Angeles, District of Crenshaw, in the Democratic Republic of the United States of America, appealing to God, the Supreme Judge of the World, our judgment and decision as free and good people of these United States of Africa to ordain and establish a sovereign, legal, free, independent, representative, Democratic, Federal, Republican and Indivisible Republic, State and government of the United States of Africa with separation and balance of powers, checks and balances and total division and decentralization of powers, government and institutions. We the native Africans and the people and representatives of the United States of Africa, in order to end poverty, human suffering, the wars, violence against families, women and children, refugees, famine, ethnic conflicts, illegal domination, unsafe, inhuman, and cruel conditions of the people, human rights abuses, undemocratic government and leaders, tyranny, oppression, abuse of power, monarchical regimes and illegal international cooperation, dictatorship, corruption, and illegal imprisonment of African leaders for change, to restore human dignity and the rights of Africans, to establish better, peaceful African societies and a brighter future for all African natives, African people, immigrants including youth, children and our posterities, to establish the common African foreign and national policies as legal political and economic cooperation and development with all foreign countries based on mutual respect, interests, and equal partnership, to define the foreign interests in Africa as the ownership of intellectual, commercial and industrial properties, but not the ownership of African land, people, governments or the country., to establish justice and equality for all, to form the first African government with multi ethnic group presidential cabinet, supreme court and Congress, to establish and promote the African prosperity. To defend and protect the declaration of independence and the Constitution to establish the rights to vote, citizen Bill of Rights, freedom of religion, the rights of candidates, democratic rights, speech and press, the rights to paid taxes, to peaceful assembly, the rights to petition governments for reforms, to have a trial by jury, to competition contracts, appointments, scholarship, to competitive prosperous, peaceful, civilized and democratic society but prohibited to practices against nature. To establish the independence of judiciary, legislative and election system and equal distribution of African wealth and natural resources to the people and their districts. To establish and promote the NDUMU lingual and Arabic as the official and national languages of the United States of Africa. To establish and promote the industrialization, professionalization, modernization and the democratization of the United States of Africa. Equal and full rights of the people, the state and rules of law, to establish African real socialism and capitalism partnership in which the profit is distributed and redistributed among ALL people, to establish universal health care, housing, education, and a job program for ALL, open, transparent, free, competitive and democratic election for ALL, family, parents, women and children’s rights, open, regulated and free economic market, regulated by the government, to promote and enforce decentralization of government’s power and institutions (Democratic institutions), to establish African treasury, market, stock exchange, the African entertainment industry, the Central Bank and corporation as a safe place to invest, and its currency, “the Ossi”, as a new global safe and trading currency/money (economic institutions), to establish the respect for the Constitution of the United States of Africa (the Presidential, Governorship, Mayoralship, Prefetorship, and Congressional Legislative term limits), and to establish a common Democracy, peace, security, stability, and prosperity for all, Africans. We do ordain and establish the independent, sovereign, representative, Federal and Democratic Republic, State and government of the United States of Africa, a federal perpetual, perfect and indivisible union of 55 sovereign African/Ondouaman states comprised of all Ndumu and Arab African states with (the African federal government, states and locals governments), referendums, elections, districts, legislatures, courts, treasuries, investments and democratic institutions.
We, the native and free people of the United States of Africa, solemnly declare, establish, publish and confirm that these United African states are and have the right to be free democratic and independent states with no ties to Western European and African governments. They are totally dissolved from all allegiance to the British, French, Chinese, Portuguese, Spanish, Belgium, Netherlands (Dutch), Italian, United Nations and African governments. In fact, all political and illegal connection, treaties, accords, pacts, protocols, signed between the former African countries and the states and governments of France, Great Britain, China, Portugal, Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands (Holland), Italy, Germany, United States of America, African governments, and United Nations are totally dissolved and illegal.
We the people of the United States of Africa totally dissolve all treaties and bilateral agreements/accords, illegal purchase, ownership and sale of African lands, governments and currencies, economic and defense cooperation, signed illegally between former African governments and foreign governments including the Berlin Conference Treaty, the treaty of Windsor, the CFA and the Treaty of Rome. In addition, the Constitution of the United States of Africa and the Declaration of Independence dissolves all treaties signed by traditional tribal chiefs and kings. Such treaties and agreements will be considered illegal and fraudulent. These treaties and agreements were never approved by the African Parliaments or referendums. Finally, these illegal treaties and agreements are the root causes of underdevelopment, undemocratic governments and leaders, poverty, wars, corruption, ethnic conflicts in Africa they establish illegal ownership of Africa by Western European government leadership. The Declaration of the Republic and the Constitution establish the writing of new treaties and accord, approved by African Congress (the National Legislature) and states legislatures, based on equal partnership, joint ventures and stock, mutual respect and interest and equal economic development cooperation with all foreign countries.
The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States of Africa re-establish and restore the legal sovereignty, the legal right to pursue the legal ownership of Africa, its land and the right of legal property of land, people to native Africans through the government of United States of Africa. The Declaration of the Republic and the Constitution of the United States of Africa paid a direct amount up to $930.8 trillion to the new government of the United States of Africa for restitution and direct settlement for the 610 years of the colonization, slavery, post colonization, apartheid, poverty, wars and crimes against humanity, and illegal taxes paid to Western European governments by native Africans without a representation to Western European parliaments. The money is legal money by the power of the people of the United States of Africa. The money is deposited to the African National Treasury in the reserve bearing account. The money will be used for the reconstruction, modernization and industrialization of Africa. Therefore, as a free and independent republic and state, we, the people of the United States of Africa have the supreme powers and rights to declare our new nation, to promote a common defense, economic, social, general welfare, agricultural, environmental, cultural, scientific, technological, industrial and educational development and policy, to establish stability, peace. To establish and declare the Ossi as new global trading and reserve currency with the dollar, the Euro and the Yuan. To regulate, commerce, trade, cooperation and diplomacy with all foreign countries and among the states of the United States of Africa. To establish and promote the public and private cooperation and partnership, to borrow money on the credit of the United States of Africa, to establish the lease of African land by federal government and the sale only of municipal land by states and local governments except ancestral lands. To establish, capitalize and regulate the African currency, Central Bank, regulated free market, stock exchange, to immediately establish the new government of the United States of Africa, the emergency federal, states and local treasuries, budgets, bonds, investment programs, funds, national tax code, sale taxes, property taxes, tax declarations and refund, the reconstruction plan, the equal, fair and legal treaties, bilateral, agreements, trade, economic and defense cooperation with all foreign countries who recognize and respect the sovereignty of the Republic/people of the United States of Africa, to establish the New Republic of United States of Africa as state of law, and litigate state, also, the respect for human rights and dignity and happiness for all people. To guarantee, protect and exercise the international sovereignty of the New Republic of the United States of Africa, of its states, the autonomy of local governments and democratic institutions, regulated free enterprises, public and private partnership, investment programs, big and great ideas and innovations, to promote African democratic, social and economic reforms by tightening the fiscal and monetary policies, opening African economic market to national, domestic and foreign investors/investments, putting trillion dollars support package, reform African financial, corporate and labor market policies, opening Africa to businesses, reform the public and private financial sectors, boosting domestic growth, lending safely trillion dollars to African investors, entrepreneurs and to the national, states and local banks, joining the organization for economic cooperation and development. To establish and promote the African foreign policy based on equal partnership, mutual respect and interests, and global economic cooperation, the African culture, law, society, history, science, engineering and technology. To determine freely our future, solve our problems, contract alliances, print our currency (money), conclude peace, levy taxes, declare wars and do all things and acts that a free and independent state and nation may have the right to do. In order to support this sacred declaration, we the natives and People of the United States of Africa firmly place our trust to God. We mutually pledge to our one free state and nation, people and each other, our blessing, history, life, family, interests, respect, honor, wealth and our great future.
Representative States of the United States of Africa
1. South Africa 28. Somalia
2. Botswana 29. Swaziland
3. Cameroon 30. Zimbabwe
4. Chad 31. Benin
5. Cote d’Ivoire 32. Burundi
6. Ethiopia 33. Central African Republic State
7. Ghana 34. Congo
8. Kenya 35. Democratic/Republic of Congo State
9. Mali 36. Djibouti
10. Niger 37. Eritrea
11. Saotome and Principe 38. Gambia
12. Sierra Leone 39. Guinea Bissau
13. Sudan 40. Liberia
14. Togo 41. Malawi
15. Zambia 42. Mauritius
16. Angola 43. Namibia
17. Burkina Faso 44. Rwanda
18. Cape Verde 45. Seychelles
19. Comoros 46. Tanzania
20. Equatorial Guinea 47. Uganda
21. Gabon 48. Egypt
22. Guinea 49. Libya
23. Lesotho 50. Tunisia
24. Madagascar 51. Algeria
25. Mozambique 52. Morocco
26. Nigeria 53. Mauritania
27. Senegal 54. Saharawi Democratic Republic State
South Soudan State
DONE IN CONGRESS BY THE UNANIMOUS CONSENT OF REPRESENTATIVES OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES (STATES) PRESENT. THE 21st DAY OF NOVEMBER IN THE YEAR OF GOD TWO THOUSAND AND NINE OF OUR DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
As Representatives whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names and power.
Signature: ________________________________________
Theophile Leyamalakoyoh Yockot
President of Continental Congress
(Deputy/Representative from Gabon)
Signature: ________________________________________
Jean C. Nana Tchokonte
Secretary General of Continental Congress
(Deputy/Representative from Cameroon)
IMPORTANT NOTE
These are lists of some of the important world documents and information and research that have helped us to create and to write the Declaration of Independence and Constitution of the Republic and the State of the United States of Africa and to prepare and achieve the unification of Africa in one Democratic State.
In fact, a lot of information here has been used and borrowed to compose these important documents. Also, if you believe that your ideas have been used, please contact Theophile Leyamalakoyoh Yockot, President of the Constitutional Convention, (Deputy/Representative from Gabon) at (323) 962-3440.
REFERENCES
Los Angeles Times
USA Today
New York Times
American Government
Marshall Plan
Wall Street
The World Almanac
The Constitution of the United States (by Floyd G. Gullop)
California Real Estate Finances
Time Magazine
Investor’s Business Magazine
Jeune Afrique Magazine
Newsweek
The Economist
Los Angeles Daily News
Fortune Magazine
U.S. News and World Report Magazine
Forbes Magazine
Los Angeles Sentinel
Wikipedia International
National Geographic
African Business Magazine
The Africa Report Magazine
The New African Magazine
New African Woman Magazine
Ronald Reagan
United Nations Constitution
World Bank
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Ebony Magazine
Black Enterprise Magazine
The functioning of the governments of the United States, Britain, Canada, and Japan.
The Constitution of the State of California, the Municipal Code of the City of Los Angeles, County of Los Angeles, and the City of Santa Monica.
We also researched many other books, too numerous to mention here.
Copyright 2009: United States of Africa Government
Global Employment Trends 2013
From: Yona Maro
The report examines the crisis in labour markets of both advanced economies and developing economies. The epicentre of the crisis has been the advanced economies, accounting for half of the total increase in unemployment of 28 million since the onset of the crisis.The report estimates the quantitative and qualitative indicators of global and regional labour markets and discusses the macroeconomic factors affecting the labour markets in order to explore possible policy responses. In examining the impact of macroeconomic developments on labour markets, the report looks at negative feedback loops from households, firms, capital markets and public budgets that have weakened labour markets. It finds that macro imbalances have been passed on to the labour market to a significant degree. Weakened by faltering aggregate demand, the labour market has been further hit by fiscal austerity programmes in a number of countries, which often involved direct cutbacks in employment and wages, directly impacting labour markets.
Link:
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_202326.pdf
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Attack on Bundestag convoy in Tanzania
From: Yona F Maro
Heavy attack in Africa on six Bundestag Member!
The car convoy of parliamentarians came Friday morning in Zanzibar under fire. A previously unknown perpetrated an attack on the vehicle of the military police with a heavy stone. He smashed the windscreen.
6:45: The convoy with 2 jeeps driving off to the hotel, direction airport. Military police sit in the first car. You should protect the MEPs. The six members of Parliament and the German Ambassador to Tanzania, Klaus-Peter Brandes sitting in the second car.
Shortly before 7 o'clock then the attack. The ambush, approaching a masked, attacked the police jeep with the stone. A pop, the windscreen chips. The car enters the spin.
Instead of stopping, increase the pace of both jeeps and jets--for fear of further attacks. Only, the convoy stops at the airport. The driver gets out of the car, is slightly injured. The MEPs and the Ambassador are intact.
"We had luck in disguise," the FDP members of Parliament Heinz-Peter Haustein said relieved. "That was a fanatic, who came out of the ambush. It would have are different."
According to Haustein, who sat second jeep, the bombers could have been also accomplices. "So it was quite right that the convoy is - continued to upset any more people."
Meanwhile, members of the Parliament are back in Germany. In the afternoon landed their plane in Berlin.
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Globalizing Torture: CIA Secret Detention and Extraordinary Rendition
From: Yona Maro
This report focuses mainly on human rights abuses associated with the CIA's post-September 11, 2001, secret detention and extraordinary rendition operations.
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www.jobsunited.blogspot.com International Job Opportunities
www.naombakazi.blogspot.com
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International Jobs - www.jobsunited.blogspot.com
Final Draft of The Zimbabwean Constitution
From: Yona Maro
This document carries the final version of the draft constitution which was approved by the principals to the Global Political Agreement (GPA), from ZANU-PF and the two MDC factions, as well as by the co-chairs of the country's Constitution Select Committee (COPAC), which led the process and was mandated to 'ensure a people-driven constitution'.
[ Attachment 1: Download Resource (.pdf) ]
http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00051799:95e970308cce5787b761637cde18cb26.pdf
--
www.wejobs.blogspot.com Jobs in Africa
www.jobsunited.blogspot.com International Job Opportunities
www.naombakazi.blogspot.com
--
Jobs in Africa - www.wejobs.blogspot.com
International Jobs - www.jobsunited.blogspot.com