Category Archives: Yona Fares Maro

Africa’s already missed the boat

From: Yona Fares Maro

By Gareth Knight

New international submarine communication cables are starting to ring the continent, bringing with them the promise of cheaper broadband across the continent. That means Africa will soon have the infrastructure to compete more effectively in the online space than it did in the past. But Africa has missed out on several years of important learning in this space. Now is the perfect time for African entrepreneurs to embrace business and technical expertise from the rest of the world and close that gap.

An all-too common and incorrect perception in South Africa and other parts of the continent is that African problems are different to those experienced anywhere else in the world, and that they should be addressed with uniquely African solutions. According to this view of the world, international best practices and experiences, especially those from developed countries, are not really applicable to African businesses. That is a misguided and parochial perspective in a world where technology and global trade have shrunk the world to a fraction of its former size.

In high-tech industries, such as web-focused businesses, there is much that African entrepreneurs, public servants and technicians can learn from international experience. In fact, it’s imperative that African businesses embrace international experience and knowledge if they’re to catch up with what their peers are doing online in the rest of the world.

African challenges

Of course, Africa has infrastructure, political and social challenges that are not present in most parts of the world. Building an online business in an environment where the electricity supply is unreliable and where international bandwidth is slow and expensive is fraught with challenges that don’t exist for an entrepreneur building a business in the heart of Silicon Valley.

But in addition to their superb infrastructure, innovation hubs like the west and east coasts of the US also offer an unrivalled depth of human capital. Whatever an entrepreneur’s business idea is, there are people around who have the experience and skills to help make it a reality. And of course, the more that experienced people share their skills and knowledge with each other, the more new ideas and concepts they come up with and the more successful they are turning their innovations into commercial products.

By contrast, an African entrepreneur trying to produce a nifty new mobile application or a new online service simply doesn’t have access to many local people who have the skills and experience. There is an abundance of great ideas and enthusiasm but a lack of experience in turning these ideas into commercial products.

There have been a few success stories — innovators such as Mark Shuttleworth, Elon Musk and Vinny Lingham come to mind — but they are exceptions to the rule and their skills are often lost to Africa when their businesses take off. An additional problem that becomes obvious from the above list, is that South Africans dominate the list of obvious success stories while technologists from the rest of Africa do not feature as highly.

Universal lessons

Most of the processes, technology and tools that African entrepreneurs will be using to create web and mobile products and services will be similar to those used by people in other parts of the world. There are many universal lessons around project management, usability, product development, technology and many other areas that apply anywhere in the world, and they’re ones many American and European pioneers had to learn the hard way. Speccing and configuring a server, designing a good user interface, managing cash flow — these are all things that work the same way anywhere in the world.

So why not learn from international experience? The alternative is to stubbornly waste time and money reinventing the wheel and making the mistakes that others have already made. And that is something that no African entrepreneur can afford to do.

Gareth Knight is managing director of Technovated and the Tech4Africa conference organiser

Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant

The Emergence of Eco-Friendly Computing Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

From: Yona Maro

Staggering Statistics:

In U.S., the Data Centers accounted for 61 billion kWh or approx 1.5 percent of the Nation’s electricity consumption. This usage is equivalent to the consumption of approximately 6 million U.S. households with the estimated figure of 12 percent increase annually according to the study report from the EPA.

The report puts a tremendous responsibility on the IT industry to adopt the Green IT initiatives more seriously and make the IT infrastructure as ‘Eco-Friendly’ or ‘Energy Efficient’.

The EPA reports that energy usage in data centers doubled between 2000 and 2006 and is predicted to double again by 2011, hence the interest in energy efficiency.

Business leaders searching for a green strategy encounter few roadmaps and established rules and plenty of hidden twists and turns.

Emerging Standards

The Energy Star Version 5.0 standard provides guidance for choosing energy-efficient equipment, including Network devices, PC and Laptops, workstations, small-scale servers, and thin clients. To earn the Energy Star Version 5.0 label, the computing devices must meet the set power consumption criteria.

The IT infrastructure managers and Technology Manufacturers looking for greener alternatives will begin to benefit this year from a major initiative aimed at reducing the power consumed by Ethernet device- IEEE 802.3az, or the Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) standard, will implement low-power idle (LPI) modes for the full range of Ethernet BASE-T transceivers (100Mb, 1GbE and 10GbE) and the backplane physical layer standards (1GbE, 4-lane 1GbE and 10GbE).

The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) goes further in providing guidance to select environmentally friendly electronic device or equipment. In addition to requiring Energy Star rating, EPEAT registration evaluates computing device based on further criteria including materials selection and composition, life cycle considerations, end-of-life design and management, and packaging. EPEAT registers products at Bronze, Silver, and Gold levels according to how many of the optional criteria they meet on top of the 23 required criteria.

Virtualization and Cloud clean the Carbon

Virtualization, cloud computing, data center optimization and legacy modernization are the major focus areas for the IT organizations globally since the economic meltdown.

Cost savings and IT infrastructure consolidation are driving the Green IT agenda at the moment. The shrinking IT budget is also causing IT to reconsider how to run things more cost effectively as we continue to do more with less .

Virtualization clearly offers the promise of better resource utilization and lower operating expense. Energy-Star servers, outside air economizers and the like offer true green advantages.

A recent survey of IT Managers worldwide about their environmental strategies indicates about 54 percent admitted that cloud computing is now part of their overall environmental strategy. And over 21percent of IT managers believe that cloud computing is a much greener alternative to traditional computing infrastructures, but it seems that the vast majority still remain to be convinced.

Green Client Computing – Power Savior

The benefits of efficient Client Computing through desktop virtualization and print management creates significant impact on the energy. Longer PC lifecycles and more efficient power usage are other desktop virtualization benefits.

Hosted virtual desktops continue to garner significant market attention. Organizations considering their deployment can minimize cost and risks by following implementation best practices outlined by the industry experts.

Desktop Virtualization technology will help in extending the lifetime of the Desktops by stretching the PC refresh cycle to reduce the load on already overtaxed landfills. Avoid sending hazardous materials to those landfills, old systems and supplies can be reused, repurposed, and/or recycled.

Green Client Computing is a combination of strategies and initiatives that reduce the environmental footprint of IT infrastructure. This arises from reductions in energy use and consumables, including hardware, power, and paper and extending the equipments lifetime —among others. Because of these reductions, Green IT initiatives also produce cost savings in energy use, purchases, management and support, in addition to environmental benefits. Beyond cost savings and environmental benefits, some initiatives may address stakeholder and regulatory needs and demands.

Green Journey

Green computing is a continuous journey and everyone is responsible to play their role to make computing ‘greener’ with the optimized energy usage to operate the electronic devices and mushrooming professional gadgets at work place. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient Servers and Accessories or Peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste).

Green IT is taking on a bigger role for many reasons, including an increased awareness of environmental danger; concern about power bills; regulatory requirements; government procurement rules; and a sense that corporations should embrace social responsibility.

Since IT is still responsible for 2% of all carbon releases, IT managers should put best practices in place to

* Optimize the Power usage with the proper Power Management software
* Actively manage the desktop or laptop power settings
* Modernize the Data Center by Virtualizing the Servers, Desktops and Applications
* Mandate the purchase of energy efficient computing devices
* Establishes energy measurement and take the responsibility to monitor the energy usage
Remember to Reduce … Reuse …Recycle…

Author: Shiv Kumar
Vice-President, Business Development, Zylog Systems


Visit Our Home Page at www.wanabidii.net – Karibu Tujenge Nchi

World Trade Report 2010

From: Yona Maro

wto.org –

The World Trade Report 2010 focuses on trade in natural resources, such as fuels, forestry, mining and fisheries. The Report examines the characteristics of trade in natural resources, the policy choices available to governments and the role of international cooperation, particularly of the WTO, in the proper management of trade in this sector.

The Report examines a range of key measures employed in natural resource sectors, such as export taxes, tariffs and subsidies, and provides information on their current use. It analyzes in detail the effects of these policy tools on an economy and on its trading partners.

Finally, the Report provides an overview of how natural resources fit within the legal framework of the WTO and discusses other international agreements that regulate trade in natural resources. A number of challenges are addressed, including the regulation of export policy, the treatment of subsidies, trade facilitation, and the relationship between WTO rules and other international agreements.

http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report10_e.pdf

KENYA: SPEECH BY H.E. HON. MWAI KIBAKI, C.G.H., M.P., PRESIDENT AND COMMANDER?IN?CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA ON THE OCCASION OF THE PROMULGATION OF THE NEW CONSTITUTION, FRIDAY, 27TH AUGUST, 2010

fromYona Maro

EXCELLENCIES,

FELLOW KENYANS,

Today is a great day for Kenya. I salute all Kenyan citizens wherever they are. I feel honoured to be your President at this moment because this is the most important day in the history of our nation since independence.

Through a referendum, on 4th August, the year Two Thousand and Ten, we, the people of Kenya, on the basis of our own free will, overwhelmingly voted to renew our nation and usher in the Second Republic.

I have today, as President of this great republic, appended my signature on Kenya’s New Constitution, as an affirmation of the endorsement of the basic law of the land. I thank the Almighty God for guiding us through the peaceful referendum and for enabling us to witness this historic moment.

On your behalf, I wish to appreciate all those who have contributed intellectually as well as through sheer hard work and commitment to the realization of our New Constitution. I also wish to pay tribute to all those patriotic Kenyans who suffered injuries or lost their lives, freedom and property in the struggle for the New Constitution. We thank them and salute them.

Fellow Kenyans,

This moment marks the decisive conclusion of the TWENTY?YEAR journey in search of a new constitutional order. This New Constitution is an embodiment of our best hopes, aspirations, ideals and values for a peaceful and more prosperous nation.

The New Constitution gives us renewed optimism about our country and its future. Some of us were present at the birth of the First Republic. As young leaders, we envisioned turning our newly born country into a prosperous, healthy, and developed nation in a generation or two. A lot has been achieved towards this goal, but much more work remains to be done.

The New Constitution gives our nation a historic opportunity to decisively conquer the challenges that face us today. It provides us an avenue to renew our fight against unemployment and poverty; an opportunity to work and become a developed people and nation.

As Kenyans, we should be proud for making history, as one of the few nations in the world that have successfully replaced their Constitution in an atmosphere of peace. I salute the Kenyan people for their courage, patience and determination during this long and sometimes painful journey.

This Constitution will fundamentally transform our nation politically, economically and socially. Some of the changes will be immediate and we must be ready to support them. Other changes will take time. We must remain resilient and focused as we work towards their fulfillment.

The changes envisaged in the New Constitution will present some challenges along the way. However, the New Constitution gives us better structures of governance to address the challenges more efficiently. Our resolve to complete the journey of our nation’s transformation must remain firm.

As we embark on the journey of national renewal, I ask all of us to keep in mind the vision of the NEW KENYA. A New Kenya, where we will no longer have people living in absolute poverty, or facing unemployment. A New Kenya where food insecurity will be a thing of the past.

We are on the march towards a New Kenya where there will be more opportunities for employment and business. A New Kenya where there is better housing, healthcare and education for our people. A New Kenya where all citizens will lead productive and dignified lives. This is the promise of the New Constitution.

This promise is possible because we are blessed to have a talented and hard working population. The New Constitution is also a promise that every Kenyan, young and old, man or woman will unleash their full potential.

This is more so because we are a people with a diverse range of cultures, languages and other sources of human inspiration. The New Constitution accords each person, group of persons and cultures a place in the process of unprecedented social cohesion and national integration.

From this day on, the people of Kenya should embrace a new national spirit; a spirit of national inclusiveness, tolerance, harmony and unity.

I appeal to Kenyans, individually and collectively, to build a nation that will be socially and economically inclusive and cohesive where all have equal access and opportunities to realize their full potential.

To the youth of our nation, I wish to assure you that the New Constitutional dispensation will create opportunities that will lead to the attainment of your goals and dreams. I see in the youth of Kenya a lot of promise, energy and creativity. As a country, we have to invest in our youth to enable them to harness their potential. It is the empowered youth that will make this country globally competitive.

Fellow Kenyans,

With the promulgation of this Constitution, we must change our approach to politics. We must enhance the role of truly competitive ideas and methods of getting the country to be a developed society in the shortest time possible.

The new institutions that will come with the national and county governments need the support of all Kenyans. More importantly, let us use the opportunities being offered by the county governments to develop all corners of the country. The devolved governments must be adequately anchored in readiness to make their contribution to the attainment of VISION TWENTY?THIRTY.

The New Constitution will also usher in new ways of conducting public affairs, particularly in the elected and appointed state and public offices. This Constitution’s leadership code and values makes it clear that people who will present themselves for public or state offices will have to be individuals of

integrity, willing to be held accountable by the people and the institutions and laws of our country.

The New Constitution ensures that current and future leaders entrench integrity and fairness in the justice system, build a world?class public service, and promote politics of issues and ideas. The leaders must guarantee that the Bill of Rights is enforced, and establish the framework to enable the national and county governments work harmoniously.

These leaders will be expected to facilitate the success of Kenyan businesses and industries as well as put in place land ownership and use systems that promote equity and productivity.

The Grand Coalition Government has provided the required leadership for delivering the New Constitution. We are ready and fully committed to providing continued leadership in the implementation of this Constitution.

We have a unity of purpose in enacting all the laws required to give full effect to the New Constitution.

In conclusion, I once again salute the Kenyan people for peacefully ushering in the New Constitution. I also thank our international friends for their support and encouragement when we sought a New Constitution. I most sincerely thank the Heads of State and Government and all other distinguished foreign guests for honouring us with their presence to witness the ushering in of our New Constitution and the birth of our Second Republic.

I am confident that this Constitution will endure and stand the test of time. The dawn of a new era is upon us. Let us seize the moment with courage because the birth of the Second Republic holds great promise for the Kenyan people.

THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS YOU ALL NA MUNGU AIBARIKI KENYA.

Kenya: Workshop on the Role of ICT on Land Management – Report

forwarded by Yona Maro

From: Jim Yonazi

Dear Friends,
Thank you for participating in the workshop The Role of ICT on Land Management: Issues and Experiences in Tanzania on 19th August, 2010.
We apologise for delaying sending you the report on the workshop. We have finally summarised most of the issues discussed and compiled the attached report. In this email, I have CCied other ICT4D stakeholders for knowledge sharing.Please feel free to share the report to other people. We also encourage you to advise us for future improvements of our events.

We would also like to inform you that we are preparing and organising the First International Conference on e-Technologies and Networks for Development (ICeND2011). The conference is scheduled for 3rd to 5th August, 2011. You can learn more from: http://www.sdiwc.net/tn/index.php. Please prepare your papers and presentations for the conference.

More events will be communicated to you soon.
I thank you all.

Workshop_Report-ICT_and_Land_Management.pdf
25K
view or d/l

Kind regards,

Jim James Yonazi, Ph.D
Computing and Information Technology Department
The Institute of Finance and Management
P.O Box 3918
Dar Es Salaam
Tel: 255 – 22- 2112931-4
Mobile: +255-754 566766 or +255-715 566766
Fax: 255 – 22- 2112935
“The price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand, and the determination that whether we win or lose, we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand.”
Vince Lombardi

Tanzania: Securing a Social Licence to Operate? From Stone Age to New Age Mining

From: Yona Maro

This report says that despite its relatively nascent operations, commercial mining is becoming a significant contributor to the Tanzanian economy and has the potential to become more so. While mining’s contribution to Tanzania’s gross domestic product (GDP) is a relatively modest 2.3%, its export value constitutes some 45% of foreign earnings. Moreover, the government has set a target for the sector of a 10% contribution to GDP by 2025. Africa’s third-largest gold producer after South Africa and Ghana, Tanzania is also endowed with significant diamond, gemstone and nickel deposits. Since the commencement of Tanzania’s commercial mining operations, up to 15% of Africa’s mining investment has been ploughed into the country’s mining industry. Tanzania’s gold deposits, along with its favourable Mining Act, have attracted investment from two of the world’s major gold producers, Barrick Gold and AngloGold–Ashanti. However, mining in Tanzania has also attracted a great deal of increasingly trenchant criticism, resulting in claims that the country is not deriving its fair share from its mineral endowment and the government establishing the Bomani Commission to inquire into the mining sector, tasked with examining the existing Mining Act. While at the time of writing this report the government had not released its response to the Bomani Commission’s findings, the expectation is that the government may seek to take a 10% stake in selected mining operations, increase the royalty on gold producers from the current 3% to 5%, and scrap a number of tax breaks and incentives embedded in the current Mining Act and other legislation.

http://www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/reports/saia_rpt_07_goldstuck_hughes_20100326.pdf

TANZANIA: BE AN ACTIVE FORCE TO CHANGE THE NATION

Blame Tanzanians for their problems, not their leaders. Awkward? This might not be true as an ontological universal truth. However, it is a fact. As long as heaven and earth exists, the Tanzanian leaders would never change Tanzania for good. The people (of Tanzania) will. Leaders are a minority. The people are the majority. Until we the people constitute an active forces of change and ‘disturb’ the world as we have always inherited it, Tanzania will continue to remain worst. The word ‘disturb’ is necessary as a revolutionary catalyst. Disturbance is a stimulus to change. All throughout history a constituted cabal of few people (minority) had often impressed their wills on the rest of mankind. Until when ‘the people’ are willing to say ‘enough is enough’.

This is the mathematics of change: knowledge (existential understanding), plus rising-up (revolution) equals change. But how can a people change their lot when they do not even understand it? If the masses of Tanzania have come to the full knowledge of the existential corruption, oppression, dehumanization and neglect they endure from the few minority who have constituted leadership, the country would have had great mass uprising for change long ago.

A case in point is this: FISADI is under investigation for corruption. He was declared wanted and aught to be arrested. But the youths has taken to his defense, attempting to shield him from facing questions about his acts. Do these people even understand what they are doing to themselves. Whose money, if he did loot, has FISADI stolen. It is the people’s money. The same people that tend to prevent his arrest. Do they even get the fact that it is for their own interest that he should answer questions to the court? Perhaps not! We are often in denial of the corrupt action of politicians because they are from our village towns, from my tribes or Region .

The consciousness of Tanzanians and indeed so many African nations are yet to ‘awaken’ to the new world of liberation, freedom and development. While the entire humanity and history is converging and harmonizing by the process of globalization, our nation is still blinded by tribalism and its bigotries, a force that retards our nationhood. Only a handful of the people of Tanzania actually grasp the degrading state of socio-political and economic life the country had fallen in. The masses feel it, but they do not understand it. Hardships, fear, oppression and years of hopelessness have made Tanzanians seemingly unaware that there could be something rightfully better. Few people actually understood the existential problem of police brutality and corruption. People are beaten and shot extra-judicially and nothing happens. It is a way of life. How many Tanzanians understood what it means that their human rights are protected by the law court. What does law court stand for the millions of common Tanzanians? Absolutely nothing.

We need a new kind of thinking in Tanzania. We need brave people who are morally ready to challenge the statues quo. It is only by challenging the oppressive establishments that the masses of Tanzanians would for the first time begin to see that they could actually have a different and better life. If Martin Lurther King Jr. did not dare racial oppression and segregation, there were so many blacks in America that never even understood that they were living suppressed life. After all that was how it has always been from time immemorial. The people of Tanzania need a different king thinking and mentality.

Throughout the ages, men and women who think differently change the world. In a world that often conform to socially accepted behaviors, lifestyles and cultures, to think different means being odd or strange. And those who are perceived to be ‘strange’ within this description are often ostracized, rejected or even killed. This is why it is not surprising that most of the world’s greatest minds were treated badly when they were alive. But after their death, the same world that condemned them might begin to see the light of the truth of what actually they stood for.

No one can positively change the world without being a radical of a sort. Socrates, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Lurther King Jr, Mandela are few examples. These folks were adjudged radically dangerous by the world they lived in. Radical in the sense that they challenged the very essence of the social, racial, political and economic order of their times. These aforementioned orders had always existed before them as unchallengeable norms no matter how oppressive or unjust they were.

Challenging an existing social order is one of the most fearsome endeavor any human could embark on. We all know that the world is build on systems of injustice, oppression, lies and inequalities. And the powers that be are terminally toxic to new ideas, new creation, new innovations and most especially new world orders. In 5th/6th BC, Thales of Miletus tried to explain the world in the language of cosmology and physics. This did not go well to the world of his time. The Greek had always understood and explain the world in terms of myth and superstition. I could imagine what he went through trying to inform the people that lightning and thunders and sea waves could be explained with physics and not mythology. Similar to this is Galileo Galilei. He introduced a new scientific world view of the universe. This this not go well with the old ecclesiastical kerugmatik conception. Thus Galileo was seen as not just introducing something new to the old order but dangerous and was killed.

Socrates is known in history as one of the wisest men ever to live, he was a great moral thinker. His advocacy for justice, fairness and equality brought him down. He was seen as a thorn on the flesh of the Athenian political establishment–the statues quo–and for this reason he died by deadly poison called hemlock. How about Christ, he too challenged the statues quo. He stood for the poor and the oppressed and took the heat. He called those who maintain the oppressive statues quo: “You brood of Vipers”. And because of his open critiques of systemic ills, he was executed. Mahatma Gandhi single handedly stood up against the almighty imperial British empire. He was too daring, he was seen as a dangerous rebel and hunted down as one. The British wanted to keep the world at it was, Gandhi wanted the world to change. And this two forces clashed. Although Gandhi changed the world, he paid with his life.

Marin Lurther Kind Jr. did not want a world where racism and economic deprivation of obtains. He wanted a world where people are “judged by the content of their character and not by the color of their skins”. The old establishment felt challenged. Their feathers were being ruffled. Lurther was the enemy. His ‘dream’ was not welcomed. He was shot. But he changed the world order as it always existed even before his time. Nelson Mandela challenged apartheid. The apartheid system was among the most brutal and dangerous to dare. Mandela was ready. No jail term nor death treats could debar him from attempting to change a world that was build on structural injustice.

The point is this, it takes morally upright persons who are ready to die to change structural injustice. Anything less than that is a share noise and waste time. Why do men and woman in history try to change the world (ills) instead of leave it the way it has always been. It is because as humans, we are endowed with the capacity for moral reasoning. We have the sense of universal right and wrong. Some believe this moral sense in endowed by a moral divine being(God) and others believe it is just a share product of societal upbringing and education. As human, we have moral consciousness. This obliges us to act not just in our own interest but in consideration of others around me or even the generation not yet born. This is one of the cardinal factors that separates humans from other lower creatures in a very unique way.

Tanzanians need to vibrantly ‘disturb’ the old establishment. This can happen by the way of individual commitment to act as a moral agent of goodness and human progress. But it takes a heart to say stand for goodness and humanity when the gun of the old oppressive order in pointed at your head.


Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant

China In Africa: Time To Assert Africa’s Interest And Build A Constructive Partnership

The China-Africa partnership has greatly evolved over the years, driven by an aggressive effort by China to find new markets for its goods and acquire natural resources to meet its domestic energy needs. The Year 2006 was declared the “Year of Africa” by Beijing and Chinese leaders have vigorously travelled the continent, courting African leaders for economic partnerships and creating what many have described as the Great Chinese Takeout. The Sino-African partnership, despite its many promises, has not been fully constructive. To address that, a closer look must be taken at how the partnership began, key strategic drivers behind the relationship, and the ongoing tensions that pose a threat to the partnership.

China has always had an interest in Africa, In the 1960’s and 70’s Beijing focused on advancing ideological solidarity with an aim to entrenching Chinese-style communism and minimizing western imperialism in Africa. China also turned to Africa for balance during the cold war and during tensed China-Soviet Union relations. Political expediency and ideological motivations were the basis for many of China’s aid to Africa in the 1970s. One of such gifts was the $455 million Tanzania-Zambia railway project – a hugely significant gift at the time – that engaged 25,000 Chinese workers and saw completion in 1976. The events of Tiananmen Square also firmed up China’s relations with Africa. As the West turned away from China, most African countries did not and that led to the fostering of relations based on respect and non-interference. This relationship has since evolved over the years, primarily due to China’s transition from being an energy exporter to an energy importer in 1993. Sino-African relations are now driven by economic factors that the West had traditionally pursued with little regard to Africa’s development.

China’s rapid double-digit economic expansion has now created a need for massive amounts of energy, making China the second largest oil consumer after the United States. This growing demand for oil has led Beijing to pursue hydrocarbon sources in Africa. Chinese investments, combined with high level visits and a policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of African nations has bought China favor with many African countries. One of such countries is Sudan, which supplies China with 600,00 barrels of crude oil per day. By advocating a policy of non-interference in Sudan’s domestic affairs, China has been able to get away with supporting Sudan’s discredited government and blocking UN Security Council sanctions against the regime in the wake of the killings of over 200,000 people in the Darfur genocide.

This demonstrates China’s capacity to do whatever it takes to preserve its energy sources and economic interests, especially since Sudan remains China’s largest overseas oil project, as moves by the state owned Chinese oil firm, CNOOC, to acquire a sixth of Nigeria’s oil reserves for $50 billion recently failed. While countries like Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria and Angola continue to offer crude supplies to China, China’s search for natural resources in Africa goes well beyond oil. Mozambique is a major source of timber, Zambia provides copper and Congo an array of minerals. Given China’s investment of billions of dollars in engineering and construction resources in oil, gas and mineral infrastructure in Africa, it is clear that Beijing is determined to compete with other Western nations in consolidating the security of its long-term strategic energy supplies in Africa.

In addition to natural resources, China has also found a lucrative weapons market in Africa. This is due to the rate of armed conflicts and civil wars in many African nations. African dictator governments and rebel groups have invested heavily in Chinese weapons and military equipment which would otherwise be hard to obtain from Western nations that have imposed embargoes and restrictions on the sale of weapons to rogue regimes. One of such cases was the sale of $200 million worth of fighter aircrafts and military vehicles to Zimbabwe, despite US and EU arms embargo on the Mugabe administration. China is also reported to have been Sudan’s largest supplier of arms, including Chinese made tanks, bombers, machine guns, helicopters and rocket propelled grenades, thereby helping to intensify the 20 year-old North-South civil war in Sudan. These same weapons that were sold to the Sudanese government were also used in the Darfur genocide, as government-backed Arab militias cleansed African tribes off their land.

While China may realize huge profits from weapons sales to Africa, Beijing’s motivations are not entirely economic. China also invests in building co-operative military relationships by offering military training and technical assistance to various African nations. This is with an aim to gaining support in the United Nations for its political goals. Such goals include preventing Taiwanese independence and diverting the attention of the United Nations from China’s own human rights records. But China is not unique in striking deals with rogue regimes for political gain and strategic self interest. The United States has itself continued to support human rights violators like Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Egypt for its own strategic interests, making it difficult to reprimand Beijing for its unrestrained engagement of rogue regimes in Africa.

Trade and investment are a major component of China’s strategic relationship with Africa. Uniquely designed to compete directly with US-African trade, Beijing established the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (CACF) to promote stronger trade and investment relations between China and African countries in both the government and private sectors. As a result, since 2003, the total annual growth of Sino-Africa trade has averaged more than 40 percent and stood at $106.8 billion in 2008 vs. $30 billion just 4 years prior in 2004.

Despite China’s expanded investments in Africa, Sino-African relations have not been without tension. When China offers aid to African nations it requires the use of Chinese contractors for projects and the purchase of Chinese goods with the aid money. This has resulted in the proliferation of Africa based Chinese firms with poor labor and environmental standards; and whose activities sometimes lead to riots, labor unrest, and environmental problems that breed deep resentment against Chinese presence in African communities. An example of such an incident is China’s state-run oil company, Sinopec, and its activities in Gabon. The company was caught drilling for oil in Gabon’s mature reserves of virgin rainforest, polluting, dynamiting and cutting down protected jungle to create roads for its equipments. Another such incident is the Zambian riots due to poor wage conditions in Chinese owned Zambian mines. Local African critics claim that Beijing extracts natural resources and minerals at non-competitive prices while flooding the continent with sub-standard, subsidized goods and excess Chinese labor that take away jobs from the locals.

The cultural differences that exist between China and Africa also create tensions and often lead to resentment. One of such incident was an attempt by the Chinese Government to cremate the bodies of Nigerians that died in custody while in China. While this may be an acceptable practice in China, it is foreign and abhorrent to many Africans and the backlash was fierce, fueling the already growing perception of insensitivity by China in Africa. Also, the world recently witnessed anti-racism protests, in China, by hundreds of Africans, due to the death of an African in Chinese immigration custody.

Despite tensions that exist, the Sino-African partnership offers significant benefits to both sides. Africa provides China the ability to expand its sources of natural gas, oil and mineral resources, while also increasing access to markets for Chinese firms and Chinese goods. On the other hand, Africa registered 6.1% economic growth in 2007 – its highest economic growth ever – in part as a result of billions of dollars in Chinese investments. The dams, roads, bridges and railway lines built by Chinese firms are low cost, judged to be of good quality by experts and delivered in significantly less time than they would usually take in Africa, if at all completed.

Decades of aid and involvement in Africa by Western nations and institutions like the IMF and World Bank have done nothing to reduce poverty or drive developmental growth, Africa now has an opportunity to try a different development model with China. China being a developing country itself, may be in a better position to understand Africa’s development needs, while also doing more to advocate for Africa at international trade negotiations. In addition, China has effectively cultivated relations with African nations that would otherwise have remained isolated from the world on the basis of “no strategic importance” to Western countries. Nations like Sudan, Zimbabwe and Liberia – countries that are recovering from internal conflicts or have fallen out of the graces of Western powers.

In order to consolidate positive gains and strengthen the Sino-African partnership, Beijing cannot just focus on cutting deals and simply getting business done. It must reform its poor labor and environmental practices in Africa and proactively require its firms to implement sound Corporate Social Responsibility practices. This will be pivotal to the future success of Chinese firms in Africa, especially since many Western corporations who have had to pay for their past environmental atrocities in Africa will not hesitate to sound the alarm on foul Chinese practices. China must also expand its engagement beyond the governmental level and begin to engage more with African civil society, including direct involvement with the private sector and Non-Governmental Organizations. This will allow for the rapid transfer of skills and technology and drive the development of mutually beneficial private partnership agreements between Chinese and African firms. Additionally, China must cultivate the hearts and minds of Africans and improve relations with Africans via cultural awareness programs and educational exchanges.

Africa must also do its part, in this partnership, in order to achieve maximum gains. While cheap manufactured products from China may help increase the standards of living of many Africans, they can also impede the growth of African industries and halt economic development. Africa must require that essential products be manufactured locally, especially using locally exploited raw materials, and implement appropriate tariffs and bans on such goods. This will help Africa achieve the necessary transfer of skill sets and technology, create employment for its citizens and build its much needed foreign reserves. African nations must also perform their due diligence on all aid offers from China to ensure that concessions are properly valued against aid offers and that maximum benefit is derived from such transactions. Africa should also avoid potential cycles of debt, whereby China provides commercial loans to nations that have just received debt relief. African nations must become assertive partners in this relationship, demanding more for their resources, especially given many interested bidders that include China, India, the EU and the US.

The China-Africa relationship can be a constructive partnership. It satisfies China’s need for diversified sources of markets and natural resources; and it enables African countries to effectively tap into global value chains, while delivering on much needed infrastructure development, affordable technology transfer, and jobs creation. However, both parties must agree to a fair and sustainable long-term development model and resist the temptation to plunder or slumber.


Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant

Tanzania Should have a Robust patent Protection System

Are Tanzanian lawyers paying any attention to patent practice? Why are they not collaborating with Tanzanian scientists and engineers to develop a robust patent protection system? While our lawyers are enmeshed in land cases, election/chieftaincy petitions and petty politics, the legal minds of other nations are moving forward, in tandem with their inventors, leaving us behind like paralytic consumers of technology.

If I wasn’t a Tanzanian, maybe I wouldn’t have any interest in the affairs of that country. For example, I don’t know what Liberian leaders tell their citizens. As far as I am concerned, whatever Ugandan engineers tell their political leaders does not interest me so much. But I care for Tanzania and read about my beloved country everyday, thanks to the power of technology.

Speaking of technology, I’ve read so much about the “achievements” of Tanzanian engineers, scientists and technologists that my head spins. We have been hearing such claims or variations thereof since 1961! Who is fooling who?

For those who care to know, the technological development of any nation is directly proportional to her patent practice. Patent law is designed to protect innovative scientific inventions. When you pick up your cell phone, which happens to be the most prolific invention in the hands of Tanzanians today, the parts used to make them are protected by patents from one or more countries. The maker of the cell phone, for example, Nokia, may not own even one part of the units that make up the device but licensed them from the owners of the patents. The owner of the patent, called a patentee, need not be a cell phone maker or in any manufacturing business at all. The patentee to the intermittent windshield wiper was not a car manufacturer. Instead, car manufacturers took non-exclusive licenses from him and paid him loyalties for using his invention. An exclusive license may have antitrust implications; I leave that for another day.

Patent licensing and patent litigation are the most flourishing areas of legal practice today due to the proliferation and advances in science and technology. Companies go into cross-licensing to checkmate unnecessary conflicts and compete only in those areas where they really need to. In 2004, Sony and Samsung entered into an agreement to share patents on basic technology, to speed up product development, and avoid adding to a growing number of cross-border patent disputes. The implication is that your Sony Plasma TV shares same technology as your neighbor’s Samsung!

I have been reading the World Intellectual Property Organization, (WIPO) report since 2003. I usually subject it to a search for “Tanzania”, a ritual all electronic documents that come to my desk pass through. It would have been like searching for the face of your lover in Kariakoo market, but again, thanks to technology, it took less than 3 seconds. My search for Tanzania saves me unnecessary embarrassment. I need to know where my beloved country stands before discussing such document. To appreciate what the WIPO report said about Tanzania, we need to know what it said about other countries.
The 2009 report shows that worldwide patent application filings have increased an average of 4.7 percent a year since 1995, with the highest growth experienced in North East Asian countries, notably South Korea and China. Of the 5.6 million patents in force in 2005, 90 percent were granted by 10 patent offices: the United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea, United Kingdom, France, Spain, China, Canada and the Russian Federation. Additional details include the following:

1. The largest recipients of patent filings are the patent offices of Japan, the United States, China, South Korea, and the European Patent Office. These five offices account for 77 percent of all patents filed in 2005, and account for 74 percent of all patents granted.

2. That China experienced the highest growth rate in both residential and nonresidential filings, boasting a 42.1 and 27.9 percent increase, respectively, over earlier filing rates.

3. Residents of Japan were the most frequent patent grantees worldwide, followed by residents of the United States, South Korea, Germany and France. Applicants from Japan and the United States owned 28 percent and 21 percent, respectively, of patents in force worldwide in 2005.

4. U.S. applicants continue to lead in overall PCT applications, followed by applicants from Japan and Germany.
Tanzania did not show up in Table 1: Patent Filings and Grants by Office, meaning that we have a dead patent office. However, in Table 2: Patent Filings, Grants and Patents in Force by Country and Territory of Origin, Tanzania is credited with Non-resident direct filings, one National Phase Entry, one PCT International Application, and only 2 Patents in force since 2000 !

In contrast, South Africa has 5,554 National Phase Entries, 248 non-resident filings and 2,486 patents in force. China, our satellite development partner, has 2,561 non-resident direct filings, 156 Resident Direct filings, and 59,087 patents in force. Brazil has 3,821 Resident direct filings, 2,560 non-resident direct filings, and 5,500 patents in force. United States garnered 202,776 direct resident filings, 51,921 non-resident direct filings and 1,214,556 patents in force.

If we really have scientists and engineers in Tanzania, how come they’ve not done anything to change the world like their foreign counterparts? What have all the research institutes done to positively impact the lives of Tanzanians? People all over the world are coming up with innovative ways of performing old tasks and improved seeds for bountiful harvests. The report shows that the United States and the Japanese Patent Offices respectively had more than 900,000 and 800,000 patents pending in 2005. How many Tanzanians have been issued with any utility patent from any country whatsoever since 2000?

Professor Boroffice of Nigeria was once quoted as saying, “We must contribute to the development of technology because he, who has technology, has power.” I agree with him. But nobody ever transfers power willingly. The Chinese did not send their scientist to the UK or the US to build satellites. They stole the technology by the process of reverse engineering. The professor should know what I am talking about, but I doubt whether our lawyers do. Reverse engineering is the general process of analyzing a technology specifically to ascertain how it was designed or how it operates in order to duplicate or enhance the object. Reverse engineering is illegal in some countries. Our lawyers should study our domestic laws and international treaties on the subject. We can start with products whose patents have expired and move from there.

If I may I humbly ask, are Tanzanian lawyers paying any attention to patent practice? Why are they not collaborating with Tanzanian scientists and engineers to develop a robust patent protection system? While our lawyers are enmeshed in land cases, election/chieftaincy petitions and petty politics, the legal minds of other nations are moving forward, in tandem with their inventors, leaving us behind like paralytic consumers of technology.

Finally, one conclusion to be drawn from the above facts is that Tanzanian leaders and scientists know nothing with respect to patent law in the development of science and technology. When President Jakaya Kikwete bemoaned the various problems confronting the country, attributing them to disrespect for the rule of law, he, a scientist, I believe, knows the importance of obeying natural laws. Inventions are based on strict adherence to natural laws. Obedience to law is the key to technological development. Our total disregard for laws is our bane. You cannot practice science with a crooked mind. Science abhors dishonesty!


Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant

Ways to fix Tanzanians Railways

Rail transport is usually the most suitable mode of transportation for heavy traffic flows when speed is also an advantage because of the lower cost per person per load as the train load increases.

In Tanzania, rail transport accounts less than a half per cent to the GDP of the country. Although rail has always contributed a tiny proportion of value-added in transportation, its share of value-added continues to decline because road transport (freight and passenger) has virtually taken over all the traffic previously conveyed by rail.

The railways in Tanzania are regulated and operated by the Tanzanian Railway Corporation, which was established by the government . It inherited a rail network, from British Colonial masters, which was designed in a fashion to facilitate the flow of goods, such as groundnuts,Coffee , Maize  and cotton, from the inlands to the coast, where they were shipped to Britain.

During this period, Tanzania’s single-narrow-gauge railway line was constructed and for many years was the only mode of freight movement between parts of the country. The current rail network consists of gauge tracks and  of standard gauge tracks which connect Dar es salaam With Other Towns

Years of neglect and lack of investments have severely hampered the capacity of the rail network to act as a mass transit vehicle. As part of its plans to revitalise the nation’s railways, the government has  privatise the Tanzanian Railway Corporation (TRC). Under the privatisation plan, the government HAS  grant concession to private sector companies, who WHERE  expected to provide train service and maintain the infrastructure.

However the government could go a lot further by separating the railway operations in to two broad categories – railway infrastructure and train operations, and form a railways regulatory body which regulate activities in the railways sector. Also proceeds from the privatisation process should be put into a National Railway Fund which will be used to finance railway projects.

Railway Infrastructure Company (RIC)

The ownership and maintenance of the national railway infrastructure will be transferred to a newly established special purpose vehicle (SPV) which will be partially owned by the  Government and private investors. The initial lifespan of the SPV will be for thirty years with the purpose of updating and maintaining the national rail network.

The RIC will also be responsible expanding the network around the country and building new rail links as air-rail links which connect the countries airports to the centre of cities they serve, similar to the Paddington Heathrow Express in the UK. It will also be responsible for traffic control and signaling, and the construction of new train stations on the railway network.

The RIC will also take ownership of all the existing train stations and warehouses owned by the TRC in the country, which it could operate itself or lease out to train operating companies, who will also provide passenger and freight train services out of the any of the train stations in their command.

The newly formed RIC will have the following streams of revenue:

• Track Services Fees: These are fees that the company will charge train operators who make use of its tracks for passenger and freight services.

• Station and Warehouse Leases: This includes the revenue accrued by leasing out train stations and warehouses to train operators.

• Government Subsidies: Because of the capital intensive nature of rail track maintenance and new line creations, the Government, through the National Railway Fund, will subsidise some of its operations.  The amount of subsidies given will be based on the performance of the company in the previous year.  The review of subsidies would be done on a yearly basis until the company is at the stage where it does not require government subsidies to run its operations.

The RIC will be subject to regulation from a newly created railway board, which monitor its performance and will pass down fines in areas in which the company has failed to meet standards or agreed milestones.

For the time being, it would be more economical to keep and update Tanzania’s narrow gauge tracks, rather than convert them to the standard gauge tracks. Narrow gauge tracks tend to be slower, carry less load and far less adaptable than the standard gauge tracks.

However narrow gauge tracks involve significantly less civil engineering costs and countries like Japan, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa have shown that with the right calibration and design, it is possible to get almost the same performance of standard gauge tracks out of narrow tracks. 200-car trains operate on the Sishen-Saldanha railroad in South Africa, and Queensland Rail’s tilt train is presently the fastest train in Australia, despite running on narrow gauge tracks.

Train Operating Companies (TOCs)

These will be private sector companies which will operate passenger and/or freight train services on the national rail network. In order to offer train services, potential companies will have to bid for a franchise license from the railways regulatory body, which will grant them a government backed monopoly to operate services on certain routes for a specified duration.

The TOCs will responsible for providing their own rolling stock (locomotives, railroad cars, coaches and wagons). The rolling stock will be have of an agreed standard and quality to avoid train companies from using old and unsafe equipment to ferry passengers.

The TOCs will also agree to lease a number of train stations from the RIC for passenger services and warehouses for freight services. These facilities will be located along the route in which they operate. Under the lease agreement the TOCs will be responsible for the following:

• Maintenance and upgrade of the buildings and land on which the facility is located.

• Security at the facilities.

• Train ticket payment collections.

• Commercial activities at passenger stations, such as the renting of shop spaces.

• Parking fee collection from other TOCs who might decide to park their own trains at the station overnight.

Railway Services Companies (RSCs)

The services units of the TRC which provide direct services to the railway industry will be sold to private companies. The benefit of selling the units is to aid them focus on their core business and improve the efficiency of the services they provide.

The services units include:

• The workshop services unit: The unit mainly provides maintenance of rolling stocks.

• Printing press: This unit is responsible for the printing of the all the tickets currently used on the national rail network.

• Catering services: This unit presently provides catering services on the long distance train services.

The proceeds from the sales of these business units will be paid directly into the National Railway Fund.

Railways Regulatory Board

The  Government will establish a new railway regulatory body which will oversee all activities in the Tanzanian railways sector.

The major responsibilities of the body will be to

• Carry out economic, environmental and safety regulation of the railways sector.

• Work cross the borders with Tanzania’s neighbours to ensure harmonisation with the country’s rail network.

• Monitor performance of the RIC and its agreed milestone attainments.

• Negotiate franchise agreements with TOCs and monitor their performances.

• Assist state governments in establishing intra cities mass transit rail networks.

• Investigate major incidents and accidents that occur on the railways.

• Monitor observance of public service obligations

• Conflict resolutions within the rail network system

Intra City Light Rail Systems

While state governments will be responsible for the development and deployment of a light rail system within their states, they would however be able to apply for financial assistance from the National Railway Fund.

Interested state government will submit their proposals to the Fund which will make a determination into the amount of money it plans to contribute towards the project. Every submission will be treated on a case by case basis as to determine the economic viability of the project and its likely social and environmental impact.

Winding up the National Railway Corporation

Once the national rail infrastructure, the train operation and support services have been be taken up by the companies as described earlier, the National Railway Corporation will be wound up as a legal entity and the remaining operational and non–operational assets sold off. The proceeds of the sale will be added to the National Railway Fund.

The rolling stock could be sold to the TOCs or other companies and individuals express an interest in those assets.

The  Government should transfer all the assets held by the Railway Property Company Limited, a subsidiary of the TRC, which manages nearly 200 square metres of non-operational lands and landed properties held by the TRC, to the National Railway Fund, which will either sell or grow these assets.

While it would be desirable to ensure that all members of staff of the TRC be retained or reassigned by the new companies taking over, it is more practical to expect that a only a certain percentage would be rehired as a means of making these companies more efficient.

National Railway Fund (NRF)

The National Railway Fund will be established primarily to provide financial assistance to the railway sector. NRF will be registered as a company limited by guarantee and operate independently of the Railways Regulatory Board and Railways Infrastructure Company.

The Fund will be administered and managed by a Board of Trustees representing various interests in the public and private sector and will be completely isolated from the management of the Railways Regulatory Board and Railways Infrastructure Company.

The Fund will be required to release quarterly reports on the how much of its funds are being spent and how is being spent on any of the operations is it financing.

The NRF will be responsible for:

• Providing subsidies to the RIC to assist it in the maintenance and upgrade of the national railway network.

• Provide financial assistance to state governments looking to develop their own light rail networks.

NRF will be financed by:

• Proceeds from the privatisation process of the TRC.

• A railway tax passed on to passengers and companies who make use of the national railways. The tax will be 5% of the cost of a train ticket or freighting goods by rail.

• Returns on investments made by the management board in the global capital and money market.

• Grants from governments, organised private sector and international donors


Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant

Journalism and Tanzania Journalist

Journalists are like intellectuals. Some are. Without journalists and the intellectual class, society may stagnate, regress, or even decay. Indeed, there are no societies in the modern era that has made progress without an honest and enterprising pool of journalists and an accompanying pool of intellectuals.

Every society needs men of conscience; every society needs truth-tellers; societies need men and women of courage and who are forthright in their thinking and in whatever advice, suggestions or recommendations they may proffer.

Every society needs its intellectual and journalism class mostly because you cannot entrust governance and the wellbeing of the people wholly to politicians, the elite and the bureaucrats as the vast majority of politicians, the elite and the bureaucrats are the scum of the earth. They are like the fabled vampires that suck blood and sap human energy.

We know the aforesaid to be true in Tanzania where governance is no longer about public service and caring for the people. Today, most go into public service in order to steal and to rape and to violate people’s rights. Crimes against humanity and against posterity are routinely committed by Tanzanian politicians. In almost fifty years, there has been no hash deterrent against criminality and foolishness.

In such a country and under such circumstances, you cannot go to bed with both eyes closed. You cannot entrust the future of the country to their care. You cannot leave them to their own devices. To do so is to court danger and disaster. Frankly, nowhere on the face of the earth is one likely to find such an assemblage: a thoroughly despicable group of people.

Against such a gathering, society need men and women of courage; it needs men and women of substance to speak the truth and be the nation’s conscience. Society needs such men and women to shape and to direct national conversations, its policies and politics. Tanzania needs such men and women. Colonial and post-colonial Tanzania was awash with such men and women.

And so it was that for more than 50 years, the Tanzanian intellectual class was the envy of the world. At home and abroad their voices and their writings and their services were acknowledged. Gradually however, most of its members became afflicted with several social diseases, and in no time succumbed to internal and external inducements. A few succumbed to threats and poverty; many forsake intellectual pursuits for political power.

As with their thinking-counterparts, Tanzanian journalism also has a long history of service and excellence. For a while, some of the nation’s nationalists had their roots in the art and science of journalism or in the written world. Hence, post-independence Tanzania was home to some of the best and the brightest journalists and writers East Africa had to offer.

Several Tanzanians media houses produced gadflies, intellectuals, and social critics of no mean feat. And indeed, many social critics, intellectuals and gadflies worked for or were associated with several media houses. They battled, fought against corruption and indiscipline, and championed the peoples’ rights. They also helped to shape national conversations vis-à-vis domestic and foreign policies.

Collectively, Tanzanian journalists had their shortcomings. They had their weaknesses. Individually too, there were a few bad apples. That was to be expected. They are humans. The good news was that, collectively and individually and for the vast majority of the times, they were — individually and as a group — a credit to the nation and to their profession. They made us proud. That was then.

That was then. That was the time when the journalism profession meant something to the nation and to the people. That was the time when journalists practiced their craft the way it was meant to be practiced. In pursuant of their duties, they had several obligations and responsibilities which included reporting the truth, shinning light in dark places, and educating the people and the government. Their activities furthered the people’s wellbeing. That was then. The practice and the environment are different now.

The decline was gradual. But beginning in 1995 or thereabout, things took turn for the worse. The rot became apparent. True, a few valiant and courageous voices fought the Benjamin William Mkapa ; but for the most part, the stench became widespread and unbearable in those years. And by the time Kikwete came into office, “all hell was loose and the center could not hold.” Journalism went to the dogs!

The Tanzanian journalism has been in the cesspool since. To say all practicing journalists are stained and tainted would not be correct. It is not correct. In fact, using a spiky-broad brush to pain them all would be insincerely and sinful. That is because in spite of the rotten state of the profession, there are a few good men and women who are dedicated to the idea and the ideals of the profession: journalists who toil day and night to the glory of their craft.

Majority of the reporters practicing in Tanzania today are pen-prostitutes. For a dollar, they’d sell or kill a story. For a dime, they’d write speeches for politicians. For a nickel, they’d fabricate stories. Now, if you think the reporters are slimy, well, you must know that some of the editors are truly disgraceful. A messed up bunch of people! Now, most of those who are likely to end up in the deepest part of the raging fire are members of the editorial board/columnists.

Now, take the editorial board members/columnists plus the publishers, then, you truly have the bad of the bad: the profession’s red-light prostitutes. You’ll feel nauseous once you know what this bunch is up to. They have “access” to power at all levels; they are filthy rich in filthy and unaccountable sort of way with choice lands and landed properties; they travel round the world and stay in preferred hotels. For this group of people, it is all about money and power — not journalism, and certainly not the people’s interest.

Now that intellectual pursuit is (mostly) a thing of the past and journalism too is deep in the gutter, what hope do the people have? What hope do we have against government’ abuse and excesses? Who will defend the people against foul winds blowing from all corners of the country? To whom do we leave the job of shaping public discourse and public policies? Without our intellectuals and our journalists, who is left to defend our national interest?

As it is, intellectual pursuit as a craft is in a state of despondency. The Fourth Estate is in shambles. The legislative branch is on a leash, and the executive branch is nothing but a pit of waste and corruption. As for the judiciary, well, every so often it exhibits flashes of brilliance. And that’s about it. Otherwise, it is mostly a chamber of tired and old hands.

In a democratic dispensation, journalism is the last hope of/for the nation. Therefore, the profession should clean itself up. It should look inward, self-question, retool itself and retrain its members. The current state of the professions is nothing but a disgrace. And it is pitiful.

If nothing is done to resuscitate, repair and reenergize this once glorious profession, one may not be able to tell the difference between it and street side prostitutes and carriers of social ills and malfeasance that roams Dar es salaam, Arusha and Mwanza.


Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant

Tanzania Youths, What Kind of Leaders Tomorrow?

Tanzania’s future is uncertain. Even more unclear is the identity of the leaders who will steer the nation in the coming decade. Will dynastic politics continue to define electoral trends? Do businessmen make the best politicians? The question we don’t ask and deliberate on today is what Tanzania leadership will look like in coming years.

To be honest, I think the future leadership in Tanzania will not be too different than what it is today. Unfortunately, the bulk of today’s leadership in Tanzania is dishonest, eccentric, illogical, corrupt from top to bottom, dictatorial in essence, ego-centric and self-serving; to say the least. The future leadership, if at all we can call it so, will be following the footsteps of today’s leaders and will be no different than their predecessors. Much has been written in recent years about new, changing and emergent security issues around the globe. From terrorism to diseases and other chemical and biological threats to the recurrence of ethno-nationalism, security in the contemporary world is a different beast than even a decade ago.

Moreover, this process of evolution will likely continue to change in the years to come. These changes have had distinct impacts on the ways individuals perceive threats to their security and how they act to make themselves feel more secure. But even though much attention has been paid to the ways security (and the ways we cope with challenges to security) is changing, little, if any, attention has been paid to the ways the next generation of citizens and decision-makers perceive current and future security challenges. These analyses will inform discussion about how perceptions of leadership will (or are changing) as the next generation comes of age.

Exploring further in perspective, there was a time in Tanzania when armed robbery, kidnapping, malicious killing of another were all seen as an evil act so unheard of, the society would arise when these acts are conducted. However what we have today is stark opposite of yesteryears, where it appears there is an evidential conclusion to be drawn that certain persons are in competition to out-do the other in the conduct of these crimes. At the time Kidnapping became visible as a result of the restiveness in Tarime, it spread like an epidemic or business for profit in other parts of the country . The political citizens cashed in on this unholy trade as a means to settle political scores. The malicious unlawful killing of another human being in the name of ethnic cleansing, terrorism, political supremacy, police brutality, State sponsored homicides etc are all signs of decay in national conscience. The good neighbour principles are as gone as the 18th centuries, what we are now left with is NO FAITH, NO JUSTICE.

Leaders, especially in times like these, are people who can inspire the public, change their opinions and attitudes, rather than working against popular opinion or inciting a bloody revolution. Tanzania needs a leader who understands Tanzania’s tailored needs. Text book solutions cannot be implemented directly; neither will trial and error work as Tanzania is a country with a complex set of problems. The leader, who understands her specific needs, would be able to steer the country out of the current dark situation. The question that came to my mind when for an example, during the hay-days running up to the 2005 elections, The CHADEMA presidential candidate Mbowe was said to not be a “politician” because he has not been playing “politics” before. Why must all the leaders Present/future of the country be from the political sector? What about leaders in business, entrepreneurship, technology, science, health, education, rural development, urban development, human rights, legal reforms? Who says only a politician will be able to lead Tanzania? About time we define leadership in Tanzania more broadly to really reflect the diverse country and economy that we need to steer and put political leadership where it belongs –

Harold Pinter (Nobel Laureate) wrote and I concur “The majority of politicians, on the evidence available to us, are interested not in truth but in power and in the maintenance of that power. To maintain that power it is essential that people remain in ignorance, that they live in ignorance of the truth, even the truth of their own lives. What surrounds us therefore is a vast tapestry of lies, upon which we feed”.

As long as we remain ignorant and keep feeding on lies, tomorrow’s Tanzania is not going to be any different. It is more likely to be worse. Who is going to tackle the enormous problems facing the country? You name the problem, Tanzania got it.

1 Education. Literacy rate is abysmal after years.

2 Poverty. Tanzania had always been living on handouts from abroad.

3 Tanzania has many resources which are either not tapped or being misused.

4 Employment. The larger the unemployment, greater the problems we shall have.

5 Infrastructure. Tanzania has not improved on the colonial infrastructure.

6 Law and Order. I don’t have to enlarge on the mess Tanzania is in.

7 Politics. Tanzania eventually has ‘democracy’, but the way the politicians are acting it may not last very long.

These are only a few of the problems that need urgent attention. Some of these issues can be resolved with the presence of an Independent and fair judiciary. The logo UHURU NA UMOJA is just on the coat of arms and has no bearing on our lives, there is no Unity, Faith is fragmented, Peace is war, and Progress is nonexistent. That any of tomorrows’ leaders (we groom now) is capable of reviving Tanzania is extremely doubtful.

Sane societies would be spending time and resources educating their youths about the fundamental principles of life in a democracy, thereby exposing them to successful role models as well as strengthening their self-esteem and confidence whilst providing educational experiences in the field of civic rights which encourages social involvement and bridging cultural diversities and promoting the Tanzanian Cause with nurtured Tanzanian Spirit. However, Tanzania lacks this, the various governments over the years have rather created directly or passively a more confused and disorganized Tanzania, through their selfish lame visions, uncaring attitudes and unrealistic set targets and goals. Thereby promoting a culture of lameness / laziness, unintelligent citizenry, uncompetitive workforce, uninspiring students who cannot compete in the 21st century world of technology either because they lack the educational incentives needed for such or their lecturers are outdated/falling behind the development in teaching skills and modernized teaching tools, or the universities closed down due to one avoidable strike or the other, the effect of these has given birth to what we know as extension of secondary schools in the name of Private Universities. Tanzania cannot cope like this, her place among the comity of nations is fast depreciating, and the pride of self assumed Giant Of East is now known to be giant in size and not in substance. Folks would rather live in the Ant of Africa where basic human dignity and sense of self worth is enriched, than live in a Giant form that has no sense of belonging.

Tanzania has issues arising from the older citizens commission and omission, little wonder why a peep into the Tanzania’s future look so glue and dome. With the mindless rigging of elections, the ecliptic and incompetent persons like NEC Chair supervising elections that would propel change with accountability, to the Attorney General of Fraud, who as the chief law officer of the nation should be the driving force promoting rule of law, where all men are equal before the law, instead he is the driver of ruse of law with sole intent to satisfy his personal wants and selfish interests. This dark future incorporates the bunch of looters, maimers, killers, oppressors, and egotist nature of our political leaders from Governors, to Ministers down to Local govt chairpersons, sundry of political appointees and CO. We can agree that Tanzania youths are learning the tricks of their seniors.

A nation that wants to prosper must take into account the impact of the omission or the veracity of the commission of those that are saddle with the policy direction of that nation and the effects of their action(s) or Inactions on the citizenry present or unborn. A disturbing situation is in the offing where today’s youths see in open, the quantum display of arrogance and total disregard for public perception and opinions as seen in case of Dr J Kikwete his Kitchen Cabinets and the host of men/women in the National Assembly, the teaching is that they will be learning and perfecting the precedence set by these leaders in negativity. These learning’s and precedents have a revolving effects; the irony is these same manipulators of the already sad constitution will be the first set of people that will complain when next generation of leaders replay their “movie”.

Let us recall the days of Komandoo Salmin Amour and the third term debate. Had our legislators done the right thing as at that time, by amending other sections of the wholly flawed 1995 constitution, we may have taken care of the present Karume macabre. Instead they threw the baby with the bath water away, thereby pushing the days of rain further. Today these same people, who were in position of authority; who by act of omission or commission pushed the rain to another day are the same people today crying the rain has destroyed their homes, should they have done the necessary amendment needed the rain would have been averted prima facie.

To put this clearer, has Tanzanian leaders try to find out how countries like United Kingdom, Israel and co that do not have written constitution have managed to survive over the years with sound political, socio-cultural, technological and economical growth? The answer lies in the Rule of law, good neighbour principle, conventions / precedents and common sense. In these countries many people fear the crime not because of the punitive measures, but because it betrays morals and contradicts the good neighbour principle. These morals have been inculcated into them by the exemplary lives of their parents and neighbours (distance and close), they also know that the law is respecter of no man, as everyman will be answerable to his/her conducts. Unlike Tanzanian where the judiciary is compromised, induced or lame. Little wonders why many people prefer to bear the brunt than seek Justice Solutions.

In conclusion
Future leadership formed out of the present Tanzania where bigmanism, tribalism, , godfatherism, nepotism, lootry, total disrespect for known laws, judicial protection of the elites, security for the elites, outright subvention of the constitution, barefaced displace of political egotism, inequality before the law, miscarriage of justices to suit a personal interest, glorification of bizarreness, pacification of corruption, awarding national prestige on known criminals and persons of questionable character, presidential wining and dining with corrupt friends and associates, oppression and intimidating of the poor masses, outright rigging / imposition of candidates for elections, financial inducement of opposition, settling of unmerited political friends with appointments and contracts, issuing of contracts without due process / inflation of the contract sum to satisfy personal interest, and so on; will not only Sudanised Tanzania, but also will HaitigateTanzania. In my view a dual combination of Sudan and Haiti for one country will be equal to unfortunate element of Devil’s Sex Toy.
It is in my sanity to remind us all that “A future not reflected upon whilst it is day, corrections made when it is possible and visible will only beget a future full of chaos, uncertainties, backwardness and vices”.

I am sure the founders of Tanzania didn’t plan for the Tanzania today. It is now left to those who have the conscience to act according their faith. The worrying of my mind and thinking of my brain are hereby written.


Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant

Tanzania: My Tax; My Vote; My Rights!

Humans have anger as character trait. We are naturally stoked to anger either in defense of self, values, and dear ones; or even in defense of vanity or prejudice. Anger however creates a momentary blindness of the senses. The acts stemming out of anger can be catastrophic, to the victim as well as the victor.

We are angrier with respects to the idea of the self: my tribe, my religion, my area; and even my girl friend! (A property of some sort in certain cultures) I was cajoled into anger by the conduct of certain private school operators: they sent back my child on the first day of resumption of school: their reason being that I did not pay the new term’s school fees while the child was on vacation.

Following the line of my reasoning above, I got angry because my sense of dignity was shattered when my child was humiliated with a sack from school because his father did not pay school fees ‘when they were not due’! I know, from the operators’ point of view, it was pay before service.

It is not of interest to the reader what course of action I took: whether the case is now at Supreme Court awaiting judgment or not. Of interest is the fact that the primary anger against private school operators metamorphosed into secondary anger against the government that collects and eats our taxes.
Black men and women cannot claim any credit for the installation of Western- type of State and its governance system in their areas. The system was imposed as a result of the colonial, and resource exploitation relationships. That system introduced public schooling in order to produce those literate enough to run the bureaucracy necessary for modern governance. I am able to communicate with the reader in English language due to the influence of such publicly-funded education.

The public treasury was funded from taxes: both on citizens and on the cash crops that were sold in international markets. Later, crude oil achieved the dominance it has now over the funding of all the activities of Tanzania’s three-tiers of governments.

However, I, like numerous other citizens, have lost the benefits of being good citizens like our fathers enjoyed. My education, up to university level, was not a burden on my father. In real fact, while in the university, my then state government was paying me allowances for three meals a day; plus a hefty chunk to finance my clothing and other needs.

Today, if you cannot pay for your child, the colossal university registration fee, then he or she must simply accept that university education is beyond their reach. Going from Mwanza to Kigoma, enroute to Shinyanga recently, I saw the level of the dilapidation of the road network. As usual, as a citizen, you cannot ask why you are left to your own designs on things over which you have no control.

Many Tanzanians have lost their lives either due to accidents on pothole-ridden roads, or were slain by hired assassins, or killed by armed robbers; or are simply victims of elite politics- as is the case with the recurring religious and tribal conflicts. In all the aforementioned, neither the payment of tax, nor the casting of vote, will ensure for me a fairly equitable wellbeing.

Tanzanians believe that politicians can and do come to power whether they are voted into office or not. Political parties do not easily lose elections; what it means is that they are Lords unto the society they govern, because the security apparatus is rigged against the citizens: they should quell any disturbance no matter the source of its provocation; and in many cases, Courts are simply mazes, into which election petitions lose their steam and zeal; and ultimately fizzle out!

Tax payers should really have a say as to the use of their taxes. If they do not, then the tax collector is simply a robber. Even where the State relies on Minerals , like Tanzania, and many other Mineral-producing countries, the resource ought to be a collective commonwealth, rather than the exclusive preserve of the few in power.

It is not idealism to hold elected officials accountable for the use of resources. If they are not accountable, then they definitely are thieves. Tanzanians are however so much divided by ethnicity and religion, such that the marauding political, and sometimes military class, succeed in getting them to fight each other, while the society of robbers eat their loot unmolested.

My quandary: my vote does not guarantee me good governance; my tax does not ensure for me public services, in the form of public education, infrastructure, and security. So brothers and sisters, what should I do?

Yona Fares Maro
Dar es salaam
Tanzania


Yona Fares Maro
I.T. Specialist and Digital Security Consultant