Category Archives: Yona Fares Maro

Why and how African governments should transform their agriculture spending

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From: Yona Maro

In 2003, the Maputo Declaration of the African Union stated that, within five years, 10 per cent of the budgets of member states would be dedicated to agriculture. Ten years on, despite spending increases by some countries, African governments still allocate an average of only 5 per cent of their national budgets to agriculture. Only seven out of 49 countries in sub-Saharan Africa have consistently reached the 10 per cent target. This failing is holding back food production and food security in Africa, where 223 million people (a quarter of the population) live in hunger.

Link:
http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/walking_the_talk_full_report_final.pdf
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Africa Competitiveness Report 2013

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From: Yona Maro

For the last six years, the World Economic Forum, the African Development Bank (AfDB), and the World Bank (WB) have been involved in the joint biennial publication The Africa Competitiveness Report (ACR). As of 2011, the Africa Commission has joined as a partner.

The fourth edition – ACR 2013 – under the theme, “Connecting Africa’s Markets in a Sustainable Way”, will be launched in Cape Town during the World Economic Forum for Africa on May 9, 2013. Dignitaries from around the continent, businessmen and women, top academics and civil society are expected to take part in this event.

The Report indicates that Africa’s growth should be complemented by gains in competitiveness since many African countries are ranked among the least competitive economies in the world. Although there are important disparities across the continent, low levels of regional integration and infrastructure deficit have been identified as the main barriers to improved productivity, economic diversification, private sector development and spatial inclusion. These challenges are particularly prominent in landlocked countries and should be prioritized by Africa’s policy-makers.
Link:

http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/The%20Africa%20Competitiveness%20Report%202013.pdf
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ARCHIVES – Soldiers From Tanzania Help Defend Seychelles, Aide Says

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From: Yona Maro

VICTORIA, the Seychelles, Dec. 30— Tanzanian troops are helping man airport and coastal defense positions after last month’s coup attempt by mercenaries, Maj. James Michel, the Seychelles Information Minister, said today.

Major Michel, who is also Chief of Staff of the Seychelles Defense Forces, said Tanzanian soldiers, who had been training the Seychelles Army since 1977, had ”almost all gone home” before the mercenaries attacked the airport on the main island of Mahe on Nov. 25.

”But right after the attack Tanzania sent combat troops and they are now supplementing our own defense forces at the airport and coastal defense positions to help us counter any future aggressions,” Major Michel said. ”They will stay as long as is needed.”
http://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/31/world/soldiers-from-tanzania-help-defend-seychelles-aide-says.html

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Geocoding: A Route to Deeper Transparency for the African Development Bank

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From: Yona Maro

One of the purposes of the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) was to make information about aid not only more transparent, but easier for stakeholders in developing countries, and elsewhere, to actually use. Geocoding is one of the most exciting developments in this regard, meaning aid money can be traced to a close approximation of where its ultimate beneficiaries will be. The African Development Bank (AfDB) has been asked to guest blog for Development Initiatives (DI), with an update on the geocoding project they are undertaking with the support of AidData. We hope this inspires other publishers to explore the benefits of geocoding their IATI data.

The African Development Bank (AfDB) has proved its commitment to transparency by joining the ranks of over 190 development organisations which are publishing data to the International Aid Transparency Initiative. It has been ranked 7 out of 67 donors by a report from Publish What You Fund (PWYF) released on October 24, 2013. This ranking places the AfDB as second Multilateral Development Institution (MDB) just after the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank Group.
Overall, it is the highest scoring International Financial Institution (IFI) and regional development bank. Having disclosed data on both its public and private sector activities as well as providing precise geocoded information, the AfDB has also developed its disclosure and access to information policy. Effective since February 2013, this policy will help it prove its commitment to transparency in carrying out its projects.

This blog, a guest post by Sohir Debbiche, gives some insight into one of the major aspects of the AfDB’s new focus on transparency: geocoding. What is geocoding, why is the AfDB doing this, and how is it being implemented?
Link:
http://aiddata.org/blog/geocoding-a-route-to-deeper-transparency-for-the-african-development-bank

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TANZANIA AIDS WEEK IN REVIEW – Dec. 9-16, 2013

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From: Yona Maro
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– – – – – – – – – – –

Dear Colleagues

Once again, your lovely AIDS WEEK IN REVIEW publication is here. Take part of your time to read and know what is going on in Tanzania and elsewhere to end the problem of HIV and AIDS.

Don’t hesitate to share this copy with friends/others

Your feedback on what to improve, add or rectify will highly be appreciated

Thank you!

Perege Gumbo
(Editor)

ASSOCIATION OF JOURNALISTS AGAINST AIDS IN TANZANIA (AJAAT)
P O BOX 33237
www.ajaat.or.tz
BAHARI MOTORS BLDG. PLOT # 43, KAMEROUN STREET
KIJITONYAMA/SCIENCE AREA
DAR ES SALAAM
TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF, +255

AIDSWEEKNEWS_Dec_9-1-.pdf
865K
Read or d/l document

Guidelines for the Design, Construction and Operation of Water and Sewerage Systems

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From: Yona Maro

Department of Environment and Conservation of the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada has published a comprehensive guideline for design, construction and operation of water and sewer systems in their province. The purpose of the guidelines is to enable design of municipal water supply, treatment, and distribution systems and wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal systems in their province. Though some of the aspects may specifically suit their province, the guidelines offer comprehensive overview of the water supply and sewerage systems from inception to completion and maintenance. These guidelines can be used to improve and plan water supply and sewerage systems in the Urban Local Bodies.

The guidelines incorporate new guidelines in water and sewer industry, instrumentation & control, operator training, occupational health & safety aspects. It provides general guidance on good engineering practices for design, construction, operation and maintenance aspects of water and sewerage systems.

Link:
http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/waterres/waste/groundwater/guidelines_for_design_constr_oper_wss.pdf

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Dirty Money, Murky Deals: Europe’s Role Facilitating Corruption

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From: Yona Maro

Strengthening transparency and accountability within EU borders is not just about increasing revenue for European treasuries. It has a significant impact on the populations of non-EU countries as well as the credibility and effectiveness of the EU’s own foreign policies. It is not only Europe’s elites who exploit the loopholes and poor enforcement of EU banking regulation. Europe’s banks also serve as a haven for public funds stolen by the political and business leaders of some of the world’s poorest countries. This undermines the EU’s aid and development policies, and conflicts with the principles of good governance that the EU attempts to promote abroad.

In 2000 the Swiss authorities opened an investigation into the debt deal but this was later abandoned. Angolan civil society organizations have recently reopened a criminal case with the Swiss federal prosecutor against Falcone and Gaydamak, Angolan politicians, as well as senior employees from UBS responsible for the Abalone account. The claim includes allegations of bribery, breach of trust, criminal conspiracy and money laundering.

The diversion of public funds is not to be taken lightly in any context, and much less in a country such as Angola. First, funds systematically diverted from the national treasury diminish public spending on education, health, sanitation, electricity, and housing that could (in this case) have benefited both the Angolan and Russian populations. Second, the scandal is fuelling a vicious circle that prevents democratic progress by maintaining a system of corruption among high ranking government officials who have been in power for decades. The list of names included in the allegations is striking. Not only is President Dos Santos himself involved, but so, allegedly, are Elisio De Figueiredo, former ambassador to France, Joaquim David, Minister of Industry and former Director General of Sonangol, José Paiva da Costa Castro, former Director General of Sonangol UK, and José Leitão da Costa, Minister in the Office of the Angolan Presidency.

Link:
http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/dirty-money-murky-deals-europes-role-facilitating-corruption

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Introduction to the Geopolitics of Foreign Aid

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From: Yona Maro

Foreign aid is an essential element of foreign policy for many countries. Since World War I, the richest states in the world have used transfers of goods, services, and funds as a means of interacting with other countries. Over time, increasing numbers of states have given increasing amounts of resources to other states. Aid has come in the form both of loans, often at reduced interest rates, and outright grants of resources.

The latter form of aid, which has become an increasingly important one, is relatively new for states, beginning in mass after World War II. Furthermore, countries have employed aid to address a variety of different policy goals: some aid is military assistance, some provides humanitarian and disaster relief and some is geared toward economic development and long term change. Because aid resources are often fungible, it is hard to pinpoint which goals aid actually achieves. But aid has always had geopolitical ramifications.

Link:http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/dtingley/files/introduction_elgar_vol_final.pdf

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The dark side of migration: Spotlight on Qatar’s construction sector ahead of the World Cup

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From: Yona Maro

Qatar’s population is increasing by 20 people every hour. most of those arriving in the country are low-income construction workers from Asia. These migrant workers have been recruited to help build massive projects worth up to US$220 billion, as part of Qatar’s drive to create a regional and global hub. Many of these projects will contribute, directly or indirectly, to the staging of the 2022 World cup. This Amnesty International report looks at how a permissive legal framework in Qatar allows unscrupulous employers to exploit and abuse migrant workers.

Link:
http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FMDE22%2F010%2F2013%2Fen%2Fca15040d-290e-4292-8616-d7f845beed7e%2Fmde220102013en.pdf&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHgh2HCcc8qMkbmg0Q7ZAX3QIYjrg

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Africa: “Global Health 2035: A World Converging within a Generation” – Report

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From: News Release – African Press Organization (APO)
PRESS RELEASE

“Global Health 2035: A World Converging within a Generation” – Report

A report on investing in health and health financing released for the first time in Johannesburg, Tunis and London – December 3, 2013

TUNIS, Tunisia, November 27, 2013/ — The African Development Bank (AfDB) (http://www.afdb.org), together with the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP) (http://www.cddep.org), the Commission on Investing in Health (CIH) (http://www.globalhealth2035.org), The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) (http://www.gatesfoundation.org) and The Lancet (http://www.lancet.com) invites you to the release of a report on investing in health and health financing titled:

Global Health 2035: A World Converging within a Generation

Tuesday, December 3, 2013 at 9 a.m.

Novotel Tunis, Tunisia

This report, released for the first time in Johannesburg, Tunis and London on December 3, 2013, “suggests investment framework to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035,” said Agnes Soucat, Director of Human Development at the African Development Bank and member of the Commission on Investing in Health, who wrote the report.

What will tomorrow’s health sector look like? To answer this question, the Commission on Investing in Health decided to revisit the since December 2012 the case for investing in health on the 20th anniversary of the World Bank’s 1993 World Development Report (WDR 1993), Investing in Health (http://bit.ly/IgCuu1). The Global Health 2035 report argues that healthier populations have better education outcomes and are more economically productive, and that well-chosen health expenditures are an investment in economic property and individual well-being rather than a drain on the economy.

The international multidisciplinary group of 25 Commissioners, is chaired by Lawrence H. Summers (http://bit.ly/b5mP1z), President Emeritus, and Charles W. Eliot, University Professor, of Harvard University, and co-chaired by Dean T. Jamison (http://bit.ly/1c88j3a), Professor at the University of Washington. The CIH has received support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) (http://bit.ly/1b3Wc2q), the Harvard Global Health Institute (HGHI) (http://globalhealth.harvard.edu), the UK Department for International Development (DFID) (http://bit.ly/UCiRQ3) and the BMGF-funded Disease Control Priorities Network (DCPN) (http://www.dcp-3.org) project based at the Department of Global Health of the University of Washington.

The report includes an integrated global health investment plan for the period 2013-2035 and examines:

? How the context for health investment has changed over the last 20 years;

? The national policy opportunities for low- and middle-income countries to achieve dramatic health gains over the next 20 years and to reduce illness-related poverty;

? The future role of international collective action for health, particularly in supporting research and development (R&D);

? Controversial questions surrounding health care and health policy;

? Innovative research, including estimations of burden of disease and the cost effectiveness of interventions.

Click here to view profiles of the 25 Commissioners: http://investinginhealth2035.org/commission

Kindly confirm your participation by sending email to: r.dourai@afdb.org

Distributed by APO (African Press Organization) on behalf of the African Development Bank (AfDB).

Contacts:

Nawsheen Elaheebocus, .Human Development and Communications officer, AfDB, T. +216 71 10 12 24 / n.elaheebocus@afdb.org

Chawki Chahed, Chief Communications Officer, T. +216 71 10 27 02 / C. +216 98 70 31 68 / c.chahed@afdb.org

About the African Development Bank Group

The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (http://www.afdb.org) is Africa’s premier development finance institution. It comprises three distinct entities: the African Development Bank (AfDB), the African Development Fund (ADF) and the Nigeria Trust Fund (NTF). On the ground in 34 African countries with an external office in Japan, the AfDB contributes to the economic development and the social progress of its 53 regional member states.

For more information: j.mp/AFDB_Media

SOURCE
African Development Bank (AfDB)

World Energy Outlook 2013

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From: Yona Maro

Technology and high prices are opening up new oil resources, but this does not mean the world is on the verge of an era of oil abundance, according to the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) 2013 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO-2013). Although rising oil output from North America and Brazil reduces the role of OPEC countries in quenching the world’s thirst for oil over the next decade, the Middle East – the only large source of low-cost oil – takes back its role as a key source of oil supply growth from the mid-2020s.

The annual report, released recently in London, presents a central scenario in which global energy demand rises by one-third in the period to 2035. The shift in global energy demand to Asia gathers speed, but China moves towards a back seat in the 2020s as India and countries in Southeast Asia take the lead in driving consumption higher. The Middle East also moves to centre stage as an energy consumer, becoming the world’s second-largest gas consumer by 2020 and third-largest oil consumer by 2030, redefining its role in global energy markets. Brazil, a special focus in WEO-2013, maintains one of the least carbon-intensive energy sectors in the world, despite experiencing an 80% increase in energy use to 2035 and moving into the top ranks of global oil producers. Energy demand in OECD countries barely rises and by 2035 is less than half that of non-OECD countries. Low-carbon energy sources meet around 40% of the growth in global energy demand. In some regions, rapid expansion of wind and solar PV raises fundamental questions about the design of power markets and their ability to ensure adequate investment and long-term reliability.

“Major changes are emerging in the energy world in response to shifts in economic growth, efforts at decarbonisation and technological breakthroughs,” said IEA Executive Director Maria van der Hoeven. “We have the tools to deal with such profound market change. Those that anticipate global energy developments successfully can derive an advantage, while those that do not risk taking poor policy and investment decisions.”

Link:
http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2013/

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Can Foreign Aid Make Elections More Competitive?

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From: Yona Maro

AidData recently launched a new online platform and GIS module, which makes it significantly easier for researchers to upload, download, join, and visualize high-resolution, spatial data. The launch of “AidData 3.0” inspired me to take the GIS module for a test drive to explore the following question: how does the sub-national distribution of foreign aid affect the competitiveness of elections in developing democracies? I suspect that aid projects are attractive to candidates because they can (1) take credit for the completion of a past project in their constituency that is highly palpable to voters (the credit-taking hypothesis), or (2) manipulate who benefits from future projects, either by awarding contracts to supporters or engaging in corruption in order to enrich themselves (the rent-seeking hypothesis).

An alternative hypothesis is that aid reduces competitiveness because the incumbent takes all the credit for the project, thereby disadvantaging competitors (the incumbency-advantage hypothesis). The null hypothesis – that aid has no effect on electoral outcomes – is also plausible. Given the vast array of issues at stake in a typical election, such as national economic policies, security, etc., one might not expect aid projects to have any discernible impact.

Link:
http://aiddata.org/blog/can-foreign-aid-make-elections-more-competitive

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World Oil Outlook 2013

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From: Yona Maro
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 15:38:38 +0300
Subject: World Oil Outlook 2013

OPEC’s World Oil Outlook 2013 is part of the Organization’s commitment to market stability. The publication is a means to highlight and further the understanding of the many possible future challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for the oil industry. It is also a channel to encourage dialogue, cooperation and transparency between OPEC and other stakeholders within the industry.

The World Oil Outlook combines the expertise of the OPEC Secretariat, professionals in OPEC Member Countries and the Organization’s Economic Commission Board, as well as input from various other sources.

VIEW THE CURRENT PUBLICATION'S SECTIONS (PDF):

  • Foreword
    PDF
  • Executive Summary
    PDF
  • Section One: Oil supply and demand outlook to 2035
    PDF
  • Section Two: Oil downstream outlook to 2035
    PDF
  • Footnotes and Annexes
    PDF

Known-Knowns and Unknowns about the Internet: Measuring the Economic, Social, and Governance Impact of the Web

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From: Yona Maro

Policymakers and netizens alike make broad claims about the effects of the internet upon economic growth, business, democracy, governance, and human rights. In recent years, economists have made significant progress in estimating the impact of the internet on areas such as economic growth, trade, fiscal policy, and education. But the progress made by economists has not been matched by scholars, activists, executives, and policymakers who seek to understand the internet’s effects on governance, cyber security, and on human rights. We don’t know if the Internet has stimulated development or whether the internet has led to measurable governance improvements. Moreover, scholars and activists don’t yet know how to effectively measure Internet openness. We will also weigh the evidence that the Internet is splintering.

Link:
https://docs.google.com/a/developmentgateway.org/forms/d/1WfVhCpCgEDTG1VcnXlOoDCvbXsf8mXzXqtLCyD3EQkg/viewform
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Measuring the Information Society 2013

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From: Yona Maro

Over 250 million people came online over the last year, and almost 40 per cent of the world’s population will be using the Internet by end 2013. Mobile technology and services continue to be the key driver of the information society, and the number of mobilebroadband subscriptions is close to 2 billion. Mobile-broadband networks are allowing more people to connect to highspeed networks and benefit from a growing number of applications and services. While both fixed- and mobile-broadband speeds continue to increase, the price of services is falling and ICTs are becoming more affordable: in the space of four years, fixed-broadband prices have dropped by an impressive 82 per cent.

At the same time, the report also shows that ICT uptake remains limited in many developing countries, and particularly in the world’s least connected countries (LCCs) – a group of 39 countries (home to 2.4 billion people) with particularly low levels of ICT development. In this group of countries, ICTs can become key enablers for achieving international and national development goals and have the greatest development impact, and more policy attention needs to be directed towards them.

Young people all over the world are the most active users of ICTs. For the first time, a model has been developed to estimate the number of digital natives – the young people with solid ICT experience who are drivers of the information society. While 30 per cent of the youth population are digital natives today, the report shows that within the next five years, the digital native population in the developing world is expected to double.

Link:

http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdf

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Historical Maps of Africa

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From: Yona Maro
Date: Sat, 16 Nov 2013 04:26:05 -0800
Subject: Historical Maps of Africa

How Businesses Together Can Lead the Fight Against Corruption

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From: Yona Maro

When private businesses are interested in reducing corruption, they can be mobilized to take concrete steps against it. This article introduces available tools for collective action – a strategic approach to mobilizing the business community in order to fight corruption.

At its core, corruption is an institutional problem, and the institutional framework that sustains corruption must be changed. A key goal of collective action is to reduce the incentives and opportunities for corruption.
Collective action is a coordinated, sustained process of cooperation among private firms and other stakeholders. In the fight against corruption, a coalition of companies united by a set of principles and standards can have a far greater aggregate impact

File:
http://zunia.org/sites/default/files/media/node-files/fs/470409_fs_09-10-2013_jmkb_collective_action.pdf
Link:
http://www.cipe.org/sites/default/files/publication-docs/FS_09-10-2013_JMKB_Collective%20Action.pdf

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Rifts emerge in scientists’ views on safety of GMOs

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From: Yona Maro

Claims of there being a scientific consensus that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are safe are misleading and misrepresentative with potentially dangerous effect on regulation of GMOs, says a group of scientists.

The statement was signed last week (21 October) by an international group of 93 scientists, academics and physicians, gathered under the umbrella of the European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility, a non-profit association.

Based on scientific articles and reviews that show contradictory data on the safety of GMOs to human health and the environment, they argue that claims of there being a consensus that GMOs are safe, presented by “GM seed developers and some scientists, commentators, and journalists”, is “misleading and misrepresents the currently available scientific evidence and the broad diversity of opinion among scientists on this issue”.

It could also encourage “a climate of complacency that could lead to a lack of regulatory and scientific rigour and appropriate caution, potentially endangering the health of humans, animals, and the environment”.

Scientific research on GMO safety “has raised more questions than it has currently answered”, they say, with results that are “nuanced, complex, often contradictory or inconclusive, confounded by researchers’ choices, assumptions, and funding sources”.

Link:
http://www.scidev.net/global/gm/news/rifts-emerge-in-scientists-views-on-safety-of-gmos.html

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By Choice, Not By Chance: Family Planning, Human Rights and Development

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From: Yona Maro

All human beings—regardless of age, sex, race or income—are equal in dignity and rights. Yet 222 million women in developing countries are unable to exercise the human right to voluntary family planning.

This flagship report analyzes data and trends to understand who is denied access and why. It examines challenges in expanding access to family planning. And it considers the social and economic impact of family planning as well as the costs and savings of making it available to everyone who needs it.

The report asserts that governments, civil society, health providers and communities have the responsibility to protect the right to family planning for women across the spectrum, including those who are young or unmarried.

Nevertheless, the report finds that financial resources for family planning have declined and contraceptive use has remained mostly steady. In 2010, donor countries fell $500 million short of their expected contribution to sexual and reproductive health services in developing countries. Contraceptive prevalence has increased globally by just 0.1 per cent per year over the last few years.

Link:
http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/swp/2012/EN_SWOP2012_Report.pdf

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Young Global Leaders – Sharing Economy Innovation

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From: Yona Maro

This paper represents the effort of various Young Global Leaders (YGLs) in placing the sharing economy on the global agenda, underscoring its significance for actors in the private, public and civil society sectors. Emanating from the YGL Circular Economy Innovation and New Business Models Dialogue, the work identifies the history, characteristics and exemplary models of the sharing economy. As well, the paper steers the sharing economy dialogue toward the coming years by investigating future challenges and societal implications of the movement. Finally, recommendations are offered for business and public sector leaders and policymakers throughout the world.

Link:
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_YGL_CircularEconomyInnovation_PositionPaper_2013.pdf

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