Category Archives: Yona Fares Maro

World: If Charles Taylor Can Be Tried for War Crimes, Why Not Kissinger?

From: Yona Maro

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Should Vladimir Putin be studying the conviction of Charles Taylor, the former Liberian president? What about Henry Kissinger?

In April a United Nations–backed special tribunal in The Hague convicted Taylor of “aiding and abetting” the rebels in neighboring Sierra Leone as they committed horrific abuses against civilians. The rebels’ crimes, which included their signature atrocity of cutting off victims’ arms and legs, as well as forcing children to execute their parents, were among the most heartless I have ever investigated.

The verdict marked the first time since the post–World War II Nuremberg trials that a former head of state has been convicted by an international tribunal of war crimes and crimes against humanity. What may be of more lasting significance, however, is that Taylor was not convicted for oppressing his own people—though he did that as well—but for his material support to abusive forces in another country. In that respect, the decision speaks not just to tinpot dictators but to leaders of countries who fight proxy wars by knowingly giving client states or rebel allies the means to commit atrocities.

Following precedents from the Yugoslavia war crimes tribunal, the court—officially called the Special Court for Sierra Leone—said that “aiding and abetting” requires that the accused give “practical assistance, encouragement, or moral support which had a substantial effect on the perpetration of a crime.” The accused must have known that his acts “would assist the commission of the crime by the perpetrator” or be aware “of the substantial likelihood” that they would.

In Taylor’s case, the court found that he knew of the atrocities being committed against civilians by his Sierra Leonean allies “and of their propensity to commit crimes.” Nevertheless, the court said, Taylor continued to ship arms to the rebels and provide them with political and moral support and encouragement. The principle is akin to giving more ammunition to an armed man on a killing spree.

It’s striking that the very same legal reasoning could apply to those in Washington, Moscow or elsewhere who provide military assistance to abusive forces half a world away. Take, for example, the case of former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and East Timor. Declassified documents reveal that after the Timorese declaration of independence from Portugal in 1975, Kissinger and President Gerald Ford, fearing that the new country would become a communist outpost, gave Indonesian President Suharto the green light to invade the island in a Jakarta meeting the day before the invasion.

The United States was then supplying Indonesia’s military with 90 percent of its arms, and Kissinger himself described their relationship as that of “donor-client.” As the civilian death toll from the invasion climbed into the tens of thousands and the reports of atrocities mounted, Kissinger ensured that US arms continued to flow to the invading forces despite Congressional strictures. Estimates of those who died from military action, starvation or disease range from 100,000 to 180,000—roughly one-seventh to one-fourth of the entire population of East Timor.

The reasoning might also apply to Russian leaders if it were found that they gave Syrian President Bashar al-Assad the means to massacre his own people. Russia (and before it the Soviet Union) has long supplied Syria with the bulk of its weapons. But even during the latest crackdown, which has become increasingly brutal—including the shelling of Syrian cities with heavy artillery—Russian exports of arms and ammunition have continued. While Russian officials say the weapons are used for defensive purposes, others allege that the shipments include sniper rifles of the kind used by Syrian government forces against protesters.

To be sure, it is hard to imagine a case against a Russian or American leader reaching an international court. Neither country has ratified the statute authorizing the International Criminal Court, and both can veto any Security Council referral to the ICC. Unfortunately, the most powerful, and those whom they protect, still appear to be beyond the reach of the developing architecture of international justice.

Even so, the Taylor decision should give pause not only to leaders who kill their own people but also to those who would arm and support them. As such, it could be a major advance for human rights.

by
Reed Brody
Published in:
The Nation
May 10, 2012

Global State of Mothers 2012

From: Yona Maro

Niger is the worst place on the planet to be a mum, new research published by Save the Children has found.The West African country, one of the world’s poorest, has replaced Afghanistan at the bottom of the children’s charity’s annual State of the World’s Mothers ranking. The index compares conditions for mothers in 165 countries around the globe, looking at factors such as mother’s health, education and economic status, as well as critical child indicators such as health and nutrition.

The report reveals the impact nutrition has on the wellbeing of mothers and children. Of the ten countries at the bottom of the index, seven are currently facing a food crisis -with Niger at the epicenter of a developing emergency that is threatening the lives of up to a million children.

http://www.savethechildren.org/atf/cf/%7B9def2ebe-10ae-432c-9bd0-df91d2eba74a%7D/STATE-OF-THE-WORLDS-MOTHERS-REPORT-2012-FINAL.PDF


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Kenyan Police and Military Abuses against Ethnic Somalis

From: Yona Maro

This report provides detailed documentation of human rights abuses by the Kenya Defence Forces and the Kenyan police in apparent response to a series of grenade and improvised explosive device [IED] attacks that targeted both the security forces and civilians in North Eastern province. Rather than conducting investigations to identify and apprehend the perpetrators, both the police and army responded with violent reprisals against Kenyan citizens and Somali refugees.

http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/kenya0512webwcover.pdf


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Quantitative indicators for the World Programme of Action for Youth

From: Yona Maro

The expert group meeting “Quantitative indicators for the World Programme of Action for Youth” was held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 12 to 13 December 2011, organized by the Division for Social Policy and Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DSPD/DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat, in collaboration with the United Nations Statistics Division and the United Nations Population Division of DESA.

Several experts expressed their desire for an indicator that would capture youth participation in vocational education or other training outside of formal education, in recognition of the importance that such non-formal educational experiences have for youth opportunities in the workplace. Concerns were raised about the quality of existing data on youth literacy. Mr. Voffal replied that improvements to these data would soon be realized as a result of the on-going work of UNESCO’s Literacy Assessment and Monitoring Programme (LAMP), initial results of which would be available in 2012.
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/doc12/RD-EGM-YouthIndicators.pdf


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Research principles for developing country food value chains

From: Yona Maro

Food value chains (FVCs) comprise all activities required to bring farm products to consumers, including agricultural production, processing, storage, marketing, distribution, and consumption. FVCs are changing rapidly in developing countries (DCs), because of population and income growth; urbanization; and the expansion, globally and domestically, of modern food retailing, distribution, and wholesaling fi rms.

The increased output required to meet growing food demand can be sustained only with increased labor, energy, land, and water productivity. Historically, agricultural productivity growth reduces poverty through higher profits for net producers, increased employment and/or real wages for workers, and lower prices for consumers.

http://dyson.cornell.edu/faculty_sites/cbb2/Papers/Science-2011-G%C3%B3mez-1154-5.pdf


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Political Participation of Africa’s Youth: Turnout, Partisanship and Protest

From: Yona Maro

The youth have long represented an important constituency for electoral mobilization in Africa. Yet, despite their numerical importance and the historical relevance of generational identities within the region, very little is really known about the political participation of Africa’s youth. In order to address this issue, we combine country-level variables for 19 of Africa’s more democratic countries with individual-level public opinion data from Afrobarometer survey data. A series of binomial and multinomial logit models are estimated on three key outcome variables: voter turnout in last elections, closeness to political party, and participation in protests. Each outcome variable is analyzed for both a youth group, who we define as those aged 18-30, and a non-youth group.

In comparison with older citizens, we find that Africa’s youth tend to vote less and express a lower level of partisanship, which is consistent with findings for the youth in other regions of the world. However, Africa’s youth are not more likely to protest than older citizens. Collectively, these findings cast doubt that the youth are more likely to turn to the street when they are disgruntled but still question the legitimacy of the electoral process as a meaningful conduit for conveying the preferences of Africa’s youth. Today, as the region faces a growing “youth bulge” that is disproportionately burdened by un- and underemployment, capturing the votes of this demographic is becoming more important than ever before.

http://www.afrobarometer.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=809&Itemid=190


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Why I Support Serengeti Highway Project Implementation

From: Yona F Maro

We all know that there are so many economic benefits that accrue from a tarmac road, many to enumerate but will just mention a few here, all year round accessibility of the areas it passes through, establishment of new human settlement along the road to take advantage of the economic opportunities that present themselves on the highway, shorter travelling times, safety of the travelling public due to fewer accidents, cost of vehicles maintenance goes down considerably and many other economic multiplier effects. Such investments also reduce the cost of production and promote output and productivity growth, this road will also increase the Lake Victoria’s region industry’s ability to compete nationally. A deeper understanding of the importance of the road network to the economic viability of the Lakes Region is expected of the conservationists and other noise makers.

I personally believe that the road will not have disastrous effects on the entire ecosystem. It is true northern parts of the Serengeti and the neighbouring, Masai Mara in Kenya are critical for the wildebeest and zebra migration during the dry season, as it is the only permanent year-round water source for these herds. But environmental impact assessment report of the research carried out by government indicates that the impact will be minimum.

Campaigners against the project have only tried to dwell on the negative effects which are very minimal, as they always say there are two sides of the coin and therefore the benefits too have to be mentioned. The whole argument about Serengeti highway is shrouded in hypocrisy and the campaigners who are against the project are collecting signatures around the world to oppose the project but they hardly tell the whole story about the highway. Majority of the campaigners against Serengeti highway project have joined the band wagon without an iota of an Idea whether the project will have negative environmental impact on the Serengeti ecosystem or not. The opposition mainly comes from pressure groups and green activists who are concerned about the possible negative environmental impact that the road might cause, but the latest feasibility studies have taken into consideration such matters, even Tanzania National Parks authority that was initially opposed to the project have so far conceded, the impact will be minimal.

For those who are interested in knowing some facts about the road,it is only 40 kms that will pass through the park once the project is complete but currently vehicles going to/from the lake region are passing through Ngorongoro Conservation area and Serengeti National Park. This is a longer route inside conservation areas, at least 200 kms to be precise, so which one is more detrimental to the parks just the 40 kms or 200 kms ? On a positive note to those who are against the project, it means once the tarmac road is complete, large goods trucks and big passengers buses will no longer pass through the middle of Ngorongoro Conservation Area. An alternative route has been recommended, but alternative route is longer and the terrain not good for road construction which means it will be more expensive to implement the project using this route. With scarce resources, the government will be definitely be tempted to go with the less expensive option as anyone else would.

I would like to pose this question to the campaigners who are against this highway. Are they willing to entice the government of Tanzania to opt for the alternative route by contributing a percentage of funds required to construct the highway. If the answer to the above is No, then they should just SHUT UP and let the government take development to its people. To conserve our heritage for the benefit of future generations is our collective responsibility but not at the expense of communities living in far flung areas of the country, they too have a right to enjoy good infrastructure like the rest of the country. Let it be known that some of the opposing forces of this project have personal interests. We really appreciate the concern of the genuine wildlife conservationists and environmental activists but we expect them to be partners in planning; not some fanatical impediments to a balanced development of Tanzania infrastructure. Even with this road SERENGETI SHALL NEVER DIE !

Alpha Mantai is a travel writer and a leading tours & travel consultan based in Arusha.


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World: The Global Cleantech Innovation Index 2012

From: Yona Maro

Only 20% of the world’s proven fossil fuel reserves can be burnt by 2050 if we are to have an 80% chance of staying below 2 degrees of global warming. We know this at a time when the value of global fossil fuel subsidies are approximately US$700 billion per year whilst IEA estimates that renewable subsidies are approximately US$57 billion. We can no longer continue down this path of unsustainable economics and perverse incentives.

This report investigates the global state of cleantech innovation in entrepreneurial start-up companies. Denmark topped the index, with its unique combination of a supportive environment for innovative cleantech start-ups, evidence of those start-ups emerging as well as a strong track-record of companies commercialising their cleantech innovations and scaling them up to widespread market adoption, particularly in wind.

China and India placed 13th and 12th respectively, but stand out as having a strong potential to rise through the ranks in the coming years. While not currently creating innovative cleantech companies in great numbers relative to the size of their economies, they are already strong centres for cleantech production, and have increasingly supportive governments, large sums of private money ready to be invested, and massive domestic markets.

http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/coming_clean_2012.pdf


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Japan: Nuclear plant workers before and after Fukushima

From: Yona Maro

Before the earthquake and nuclear reactor meltdown in March 2011, about 30% of the country’s electricity needs were provided by Japan’s 54 main nuclear reactors, and this was expected to increase to at least 40% by 2017. Much of this information was reported after Japan’s disastrous earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, which not only created hundreds of thousands of refugees but also damaged nuclear reactors, especially Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station.

At Fukushima Daiichi, workers are still required to clean the garbages of the disaster so as to reduce the harm to the rest of the country and the world. It is a Faustian bargain, yet the bargain is made by the corporation, while workers work in danger out of compulsion of their economic necessity. Those lacking work are ‘willing’ to face the deadly work environment of nuclear rubble to earn for their families.

While working in a nuclear power plant seems to be a unique job, not comparable to other industries, in fact there is a simple common denominator with all those who do dirty, dangerous and demeaning jobs all around the world – insecurity or plain lack of work, and thus inability to subsist without wage work, forces workers to accept compromises to their health and safety as a precondition of their work. It is in fact a false ‘choice’ if the workers are beholden by the industry to keep their jobs.

http://www.amrc.org.hk/node/1230


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Economic partnership agreements between Africa and the European Union

From: Yona Maro

This report addresses the question raised in its title – now that 18 interim Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) have been initialed and negotiations of full EPAs have been launched, what should African countries and regional EPA-groups do? Part two of the report analyzes the outcome of the EPA negotiations thus far, the interim EPAs’ implications for the trade and related policies of participating African countries, and the reforms required for successful implementation of interim EPAs. Part three examines the potential role of full EPAs, in advancing regional trade integration, open trade policies, and the liberalization of trade in services and foreign direct investment in Africa. The intended audience for this report is primarily policy makers and their advisors in the African EPA-countries, but it may also be of interest to those in the broader development community concerned with Africa.

http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/03/24/000333038_20090324034203/Rendered/PDF/459450SR0white10Box338867B01PUBLIC1.pdf


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World Economic Outlook: Growth resuming, dangers remain

From: Yona Maro

The April 2012 edition of the World Economic Outlook assesses the prospects for the global economy, which has gradually strengthened after a major setback during 2011. The threat of a sharp global slowdown eased with improved activity in the United States and better policies in the euro area. Weak recovery will likely resume in the major advanced economies, and activity will remain relatively solid in most emerging and developing economies. However, recent improvements are very fragile. Policymakers must calibrate policies to support growth in the near term and must implement fundamental changes to achieve healthy growth in the medium term. Chapter 3 examines how policies directed at real estate markets can accelerate the improvement of household balance sheets and thus support otherwise anemic consumption. Chapter 4 examines how swings in commodity prices affect commodity exporting economies, many of which have experienced a decade of good growth. With commodity prices unlikely to continue growing at the recent elevated pace, however, these economies may have to adapt their fiscal and other policies to lower potential output growth in the future.

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/pdf/text.pdf


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Renewable energy: coming of age

From: Yona Maro

This second issue of ‘IEAenergy: The Journal of the International Energy Agency’ features articles on the need for the IEA to share its best practices with the climate change community and Denmark’s perspective on energu and climate policy. It also includes as article titled, ‘Fulfill the COP Accords, Turn to the Experts’ by Richard Baron, Head of the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Climate Change Unit, and another titled, ‘Fossil Fuel Independence: Denmark’s Path’ which highlights Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt’s reaffirmation of her country’s committment to “ensure” green research and green jobs. Finally, the journal contain articles on IEA’s new partnership with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), an outlook for Africa.

http://www.iea.org/IEAEnergy/IEAEnergy_Issue2.pdf


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World: Nuclear Challenges in 2013

From: Yona Maro

The North Koreans are likely to seek attention and assistance regarding the construction of their own light water reactor even if it is just a ploy to get the United States and other countries to extend real assistance on nuclear safety. After Fukushima, it is hard to disagree with the need to ensure that all nuclear power reactors are designed and operated safely,although assistance to a North Korean reactor under construction is not likely to be at the top of the U.S. policymaking agenda.By 2013, however, it should be a little more apparent whether the North Koreans are serious about cooperating and all that it entails. The next U.S. administration should not be surprised by the decades-old demand of North Korea for help with electricity generation—whether it is nuclear based, coal fired, or based on renewables.
http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_squassoni.pdf


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Keeping AFRICOM out of the neighbourhood

From: Yona Maro

After the winds of change in the 1960s, Africa found itself fast-gaining independence from colonialists, one country after another, until South Africa became the last country to claim uhuru.

Since then, there appeared to have been a surrender of the colonial ideology by the colonial masters but sooner rather than later, the colonial masters regrouped and came up with a more subtle manner of re-colonising Africa through regime change disguised as “humanitarian military interventions, democracy, good governance and accountability”.

The sad story is that all these high-sounding words were crafted and started being implemented largely from an American, British and French point of view and, generally from a Eurocentric point of view.

Democracy, good governance and accountability were never sought and implemented from an African perspective, not from an Africa eye and each African leader who has defied this has been a victim of regime change.

The pseudo-democrats, created and hoisted into power by the Americans, the British the Canadian and the French, have all turned out to be sell-outs with no interest of Africa and the Africans, but giving all the resources to the master of regime change.

This has been the dilemma of Africa and an affront to African humanism.

The United States of America in particular has set up military commands for the absolute control of Africa’s resources and is willing to deploy is soldiers to any portion of Africa, firstly disguised as helpers bringing peace and stability but behind the scenes, America will be milking that country’s resources or effecting regime change.

All Africans in the know got worried late last year when America deployed 100 soldiers to Uganda, to hunt for the Lord’s Resistance Army and save President Yoweri Museveni.

The question by all and sundry is saving Museveni from what?

The other question is how is Museveni going to pay back the American?

What with Museveni’s involvement in the DRC?

What has Museveni done to deserve special protection from the Americans, which Sudan’s Al-Bashir does not deserve?

What special protection does Museveni deserve which Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe does not deserve from the MDC onslaught?

The point is, while we should not support the rebels in Uganda, it is equally interesting to question the motive of the Americans yet there is the African Union that should be expressly dealing with such problems.

Is it not correct for the African Union to come up with a military contingent to deal with such problems, since SADC already has a Standby Brigade?

The LRA is not silly and reports from its camp are that they have done a tactical withdrawal until they understand the American mission.

They have not disbanded but they have gone underground.

For a country as big as America to have a military intervention in yonder Uganda, there must be something special and Africans should smell a rat.

Why America?

The UN, itself a latterday mouthpiece of American foreign policy claims that it has noted a reduction on LRA presence, effectively giving credit to the American operation in the same manner it did in Libya until the violent overthrowing of Muammar Gaddafi.

What is needed in Uganda is an African solution not an American solution.

This fact is attributed to a gradual decrease in Joseph Kony’s troops.

According to the Ugandan government, their numbers do not exceed 350-400 fighters.

But truth is that Kony now has more sympathisers in the Arab world than he had before as the anti-American sentiment is high in that section of society.

Considering this, one can clearly see how flimsy the US official excuse for sending 100 troops to the Great Lakes District is that there is need for stability in that region and that Kony has butchered ordinary people.

At the same time, this move is completely in line with the US plan to penetrate African and consolidate its military, political, and economic grip on the continent.

The move has given US AFRICOM one step into the African soil and it is fact not fiction that Museveni no longer has the power to withdraw the American soldiers and neither will he have the power to determine when the mission will end.

It is equally true that Museveni no longer has the power to defend his country’s independence and that he will now dance the American tune to the fullest.

The first stage of the plan was implemented in Libya, with the AFRICOM being brought into play there to deal with Gaddafi, disguised as America’s contingent to help Nato. Now the Africom troops are deployed in the Great Lakes District and what is next for Africa?

The decision made by the government of Uganda, DRC, Central African Republic, and South Sudan to allow the AFRICOM troops to their respective territories undermines the other AU member-countries’ effort to establish their own peacekeeping forces.

African leaders must put on the agenda of the January 2012 AU summit, the issue of deploying a regiment of the SADC Standby Forces in the Great Lakes as soon as possible, not AFRICOM.

This step would enable African countries to maintain control over the situation on the continent, keep any foreign players from meddling in African affairs and put an end to the new wave or colonisation.

The move is an affront to all effort for Africa to control and defend its independence in a manner it sees fit not in manner other countries and continents see fit. – DayAfrica.com

*Professor Muchai Wa Muthatha teaches History at Makerere University


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What has tax got to do with development?

From: Yona Maro

Within the globalisation framework that considers the private sector as the engine for development and the possibility of investment mobility across the globe, many developing countries have been opening their markets to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and promoting the development of national entrepreneurs. This means that there is an opportunity for the increment of domestic resources through taxation.

Given that taxes have a pervasive influence on economic decisions of individuals and businesses and on social equity, the tax systems should achieve the appropriate level of revenue as efficiently and fairly as possible. Thus, tax systems should be effective in raising revenues, efficient in their effects on economic decisions of households and businesses and equitable in their impact on different groups in society.
http://www.eurodad.org/uploadedfiles/whats_new/reports/what%20has%20tax%20got%20to%20do%20with%20development%5B1%5D%281%29.pdf


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Austerity In US And UK – Ranks Of Working Poor Grow Despite Social Safety Nets

From: Yona F Maro


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The IMF president, a French national recently went to Nigeria to tell them what to do with their economic situation as it relates to fuel subsidy. Of course, one could have said, a ‘Daniel Come to Justice’, a machination of Nigeria Finance Minister Ms Okonjo-Iweala, who believes into to in the virtues of the World Bank and IMF. To her, except these institutions endorse her often whacky economic solutions, it has no merit even when such runs counter to reality on the ground.

It baffles one that whenever Nigeria faces any struggles, their default wish is to run abroad for some solution. A dangerous dependent approach that makes the most populous black nation in the world, a patient of all kinds of doctors, willing and ready to swallow prescriptions that often leaves her marooned and comatose.

Given the structural challenges in Europe and Madam IMF president is a French nation, I like to know whether she has gone home to tell France and EU member nations what solutions they need to pursue.

It is amazing as UK, US and EU are challenged by their own situations, institutions like the World Bank and IMF, are still seen as relevant in addressing the challenges of developing nations mostly African ones. They case of doctor cure/heal thyself, is now more evident and yet, doctor is getting sicker. I wonder what ‘patient’ nations in Africa are left to do. I suppose remain hapless and wish the doctor cures thyself well enough to prescribe yet another potion for the patient.

A different world whereby what we have all known to be true, are looking more like voodoo prescriptions only suited for unsuspecting nations. If we are one global village, how come we are not trading in one currency? Maybe we eliminate all the barriers that choke the world. It is good to see the ‘master’ struggle maybe it is time the ‘servant’ stood up and defy what the master has made them to believe is gospel truth. We never know. Do we?

As the height of the European debt crisis deepens and tensions abound, European Union struggle to what is likely to be a slow and painful recovery. The pain caused by deficit-reducing austerity measures will likely be much more significant than many realize: contraction of government services will hit Europe’s poor hard, worsening an already- desperate situation, says the New York Times.

The poor of EU nations will face significant obstacles on the road to recovery, and the pain will not be isolated to those countries that are most in debt — even France and Germany are discovering striking amount of desperation among their working poor.

In 2010, 8.2 percent of workers in the 17 EU countries that use the euro were living under the region’s average poverty threshold of 10,240 Euros, or about $13,500 annual income.

The situation is nearly twice as bad in Spain and Greece.

This is up from only 7.3 percent in 2006, according to Eurostat.

As a point of comparison, the Labor Department estimated that 7 percent of single adult workers in the United States earned less than the poverty threshold of $10,830 in 2009.

France, which is second only to Germany in its aggregate level of prosperity, has seen a fundamental failure of its own generous social safety nets to protect the poor.

Slightly lower than the European Union average, France still faces a below-poverty rate of 6.6 percent for single workers.

Furthermore, half the nation’s workers earn less than $25,000.

Even though the country’s workers make more than most other workers in the European Union, they also face higher prices that diminish this advantage.

For example, the lack of affordable housing (home prices have surged 110 percent in the last decade) have left many homeless.

One of the obstacles that the EU’s workers face is that traditional jobs, which include benefits and comprehensive compensation packages, are largely being replaced by inconsistent contract work. In 2011, temporary contracts accounted for 50 percent of all new hires in the European Union, according to Eurostat. The growing needs of the poor place greater pressure on government services just when EU governments are cutting back on those same services. Source: Liz Alderman, New York Times, April 1, 2012.

Funny money and credit instruments, laced with creative financing and fuzzy math models, have left America wounded, putting the entire economy in structural shock; teetering and tethering.

Extension of credits by instruments, a model developed and preached by the West, using future income models to finance current needs, makes one wonder, are we not living way above our means? The ratio of revenue to current budget needs fueled by undue dependency placing weight on future incomes while the economy is in dire strait is not sustainable.

Two deficit nations US and UK, are getting to understand that beyond the 6 functions of money, and undue carry forwards, it is time for austerity measures. It’s time to tighten spending and really cutting one’s coat according to their size.

The ‘crazy-like-fox’ class of operators and manipulators on Wall Street, will always assure the rest of us they have the answers. Well, how is that? We have unduly become a laboratory controlled by weird and wired minds, who prescribe ‘whatever’ financial vehicle when simple approach very well could have delivered the needed answers. It is amazing!

I get hearty laugh when I hear the word ‘austerity’ used in US and UK, because those of us coming from foreign countries, very well understood what that means given the often failed financial and economic prescriptions hoisted on unsuspecting nations by World Bank and IMF; the principal command and control arms of US and its European allies on developing nations.

It’s now time for the doctor to test and use their prescription. I guess what ‘Thou Has recommended, Thou often shy from using’, more like, do as I say but never as I do’. Any country serious about developing should see what US and UK have done, and never repeat those especially on spending versus revenue. We are choking at our prescriptions and no solutions appear in the horizon. The world is no longer naive.

Now, the doctor is facing their own prescription but they want Kool- Aid. One in denial always ends up confused more.

We must embrace ‘Back to the Basics’ with applied common sense economics, but common sense is a luxury in our good ole US America. I guess, we are waiting for ‘What the Doctor Ordered’, but what doctor? I pass.

What goes up comes down, and the Sun never rises from the West. Does it?

E E OKPA, II

eokpa@post.harvard.edu

Written by Ejike E. Okpa 11

World: Significant Cyber Events 2012

from Yona Maro

A list of significant cyber events since 2006. Last modified on March 16, 2012. Significance is in the eye of the beholder, but it focus on successful attacks on government agencies, defense and high tech companies, or economic crimes with losses of more than a million dollars.
http://csis.org/files/publication/120316_Significant_Cyber_Incidents.pdf

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Surveillance and security: securing whom?

From: Yona Maro

It is common knowledge that surveillance technologies keep us safe. But this common knowledge is based, at best, on shaky evidence. In the face of dangerous situations, emotions tend to trump logical decision making; reasoning goes that if even a single attack is prevented, the technology is worth having. Such reasoning is quite ill founded. Not only does surveillance technology not necessarily keep us safe, in many instances, surveillance technologies decrease our security.

Building surveillance tools into communications networks enables simpler forms of “insider” attack. In Italy, 6,000 judges, politicians and celebrities were illegally wiretapped between 1996 and 2006. During this period, one in every 10,00 Italians was wiretapped; no major political or business deal was ever private. For ten months in 2004-2005, 100 senior members of the Greek government, including the Prime Minister, were spied upon when the wiretapping capabilities of a Greek Vodafone switch were turned on by unknown parties.

The technologies revealed today by Privacy International – the hacking tools that allow an investigator to download spyware onto a target’s computer, the interception tools that allow instant automatic search for “communications of interest” the data mining tools that allow profiling of a user – build a picture of a surveillance industry gone wild – an industry that seeks to provide tools without understanding the huge potential for harm.

https://www.privacyinternational.org/opinion-pieces/surveillance-and-security-securing-whom-and-at-what-cost


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Achieving Export Diversification: Lessons from Brazil

From: Yona Maro

Achieving export diversification has been a central objective of development policy for the last 50 years, yet many developing countries struggle to achieve it. successful export diversification at an economy level requires first understanding the firm-level processes that support the introduction of new products for export. As a rapidly growing economy and large commodity exporter, Brazil provides an interesting case study of how export diversification occurs. this briefing uses evidence from research on Brazilian manufacturing firms to draw lessons for other developing countries on how firms achieve export diversification.

http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/IF21.pdf


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Technology Transfer and Innovation

From: Yona Maro

As the world gears up for the Rio+20 Conference, the vital role of innovation and technology transfer in addressing the most pressing sustainable development challenges of recent years must be widely recognized.

In that regard, this information note highlights the most salient proposals for action on technology transfer and innovation in country submissions to the Rio+20 process. Identifying key priority areas in proposals – namely mechanisms, innovation, enabling environments, capacity building, intellectual property and financing – could potentially contribute towards a tangible outcome at Rio.

http://ictsd.org/downloads/2012/04/technology-transfer-and-innovation-key-country-priorities-for-rio-20.pdf


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